The objective of this article was to investigate the impacts of climate change on photovoltaic systems among renewable energies by the end of the 21st century. One hypothesis posited that due to decreased cloud cover as a result of changing climate, the geographical region under examination would receive more solar irradiation—usable by photovoltaic panels—which would in turn increase the annual electrical energy production of these systems. Another hypothesis suggested that the average temperature increase, associated with changing climate conditions, would detrimentally affect the efficiency of electricity production in photovoltaic systems. The study was based on the simulation of a household-scale photovoltaic model. This simulation calculated the system's performance on an hourly basis depending on inputs and summed these to produce an annual value. Input values were derived from climate scenario databases. These variables included global horizontal irradiance, direct horizontal irradiance, temperature, and wind speed. The output was the aforementioned quantity of annual electrical energy production. An analysis occurred between the annual average global horizontal irradiance and the annual average air temperature in relation to the quantities of annual electrical energy production. Pearson and partial correlation examinations among the variables demonstrated that unfavorable scenarios resulted in reduced efficiency of photovoltaic electrical energy production, primarily due to rising temperatures. Among other contributions, this article can support research into the active cooling of photovoltaic systems and the examination of their viability to mitigate efficiency losses caused by current and future temperature increases. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-2024-05-01-01 Full Text: PDF

The stability of electricity service mainly depends on two main factors. One of them is the country’s power plant capacity and electricity imports. Another factor is the network that delivers electricity to consumers. Recently, consumer electricity production has appeared as a third factor due to the spread of renewable energies. The article focuses on the transformation of the structure of Hungary’s electricity sources between 2010 and 2020. We used the concentration indicator to examine the structure of export–import deliveries with neighboring countries. We also analyzed the centralization of Hungary’s electricity-generating units and the composition of their fuels. In this article, we examined the increasingly widespread renewable energies, which are replacing the traditional—mainly fossil fuel—energy carriers. The relationship between coal, natural gas, nuclear, solar, wind, water, and bioenergy, as well as net imports, were analyzed using a Pearson correlation matrix. This article concludes that renewable energies will cause further transformation in the future, both in the structure of export–import and power plants. In electricity imports, green power is increasingly preferred. Electricity from renewable sources will account for an increasing share of electricity production. In the future, electricity production based on non-renewables will move toward power plants with low carbon dioxide emissions. On the other hand, it is also moving in the direction of fast-reacting power plants due to weather-dependent renewables. Annual system load peaks will continue to increase year after year in the future, thereby posing additional challenges to electricity generation and the electricity grid.

The impact of climate change is increasingly evident in various domains today and is gaining prominence in scientific inquiries. Climate change also affects the utilisation of renewable energies. The article examines the effects of 21st-century climate change on the annual electric energy production of medium-sized photovoltaic module systems. The study bases its analysis on three possible scenarios: a pessimistic (RCP 8.5), a less pessimistic (RCP 4.5), and an optimistic (RCP 2.6) scenario. The applied Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenarios were developed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to enhance comparability in analyses related to climate change. Compared to older linear models, an innovation utilises a more flexible and multidirectional model. One of the article’s key findings is that, for all three examined settlements, the annual yield of the studied photovoltaic systems will surpass the levels of the base year 2010 by the middle and end of the century. Another significant outcome is that, under the three scenarios analysed, the ratio of annual performance variation to annual global radiation variation shows substantial differences by the middle and end of the century compared to the 2010 baseline. In the optimistic scenario, this ratio exceeds 1, whereas in the pessimistic and less pessimistic scenarios, it falls below 1. This ratio does not directly inform about the annual production—which increases in all cases—but rather about the changes in efficiency. These efficiency changes are influenced by the rise in annual average temperatures and the fluctuation in sunny hours yearly. The third finding reveals that under the climate change pessimistic scenario (RCP 8.5), the efficiency decrease is less adverse than in the less pessimistic scenario (RCP 4.5).

A tanulmány három magyarországi település – Miskolc, Sopron és Veszprém – közepes méretű napelemes rendszereinek modellezésére és az éghajlatváltozás hatásainak vizsgálatára összpontosít a villamosenergia-termelés szempontjából. Az elemzés az RCP2.6, az RCP4.5 és RCP8.5 forgatókönyveken alapul. A vizsgálatokhoz a Meteonorm időjárási adatbázis generált bemeneti idősorokat, míg a szimulációkat a SAM program végezte el. Az eredmények azt mutatják, hogy az éghajlatváltozás hatásai jelentős eltéréseket okozhatnak a napelemes rendszerek teljesítményében. A növekvő hőmérséklet kedvezőtlenül befolyásolja a rendszerek hatásfokát, míg a globális sugárzás változásai pozitív irányú korrelációban vannak a teljesítménnyel. Az RCP4.5 és az RCP8.5 forgatókönyvek alapján várható legnagyobb hőmérséklet-emelkedés csökkentheti az energiatermelés hatékonyságát, míg az RCP2.6 forgatókönyv stabilabb eredményeket mutat. Az elemzés eredményei hasznos iránymutatást nyújthatnak a jövőbeli napelemes projektek tervezéséhez és telepítéséhez, különösen a változó éghajlati körülményekhez való alkalmazkodás érdekében. Az ilyen vizsgálatok hozzájárulnak ahhoz, hogy a megújuló energiaforrások hatékonyabban támogassák az energiaátmenetet, miközben Magyarország fenntarthatósági céljait is elősegítik.

A naperőművek technológiájukból fakadóan olyan területeken helyezkednek el, amelyek biztonsági szempontból fokozott figyelmet igényelnek. Ezeknek a területeknek a nagy része belterületek határán levő úgynevezett barna övezetekben található. A belterületek szélén elhelyezkedő napelemtáblák környezete jellemzően forgalmas, ahol a gyalogos- és a gépjármű-közlekedés nem kelt feltűnést. A külterületen lévő napelemes mezők pedig olyan kieső területeken vannak, amelyeknél a kietlen környezet jelent biztonsági kockázatot. A tanulmány célja bemutatni az elektronikus behatolásjelzők alkalmazását a naperőművekben, kiemelve azokat az alkalmazási pontokat, amelyek az ilyen objektumok sajátosságai.