Electric vehicles (EVs) are the fastest-growing type of transport. Battery packs are a key component in EVs. Modern lithium-ion battery cells are characterized by low self-discharge current, high power density, and durability. At the same time, the battery management system (BMS) plays a pivotal role in ensuring high efficiency and durability of battery cells and packs. The BMS monitors and controls the battery charge and discharge to ensure EV safety and optimum operation. This paper is devoted to analyzing BMS circuitry configurations and algorithms. The analysis includes circuit solutions and algorithms for implementing the main BMS functions, such as parameter monitoring, protection, cell balancing, state estimation, charging and discharging management, communication, and data logging. The paper provides insights into the recent research literature on BMS, and the advantages and disadvantages of methods for implementing BMS functions are compared. The paper also discusses the application of artificial intelligence technologies and aspects of further work on next-generation BMS technologies.

The article is devoted to solving the problem of charge equalization of multi-element batteries with rated voltage up to 1000 V, operating in dynamic modes with different charge and discharge depths. This article proposes a method of balancing the voltages of power battery elements. The essence of the proposed method is to form a reference signal equivalent to the reference voltage of the battery element for the current state of charge. The novelty of the method presented in this article, in comparison with relevant existing techniques, lies in active control over the balancing circuit proportional to real cell voltage deviation from the reference value. The proposed method can be used both for passive balancing techniques based on ballast resistors, and for circuits made on electromagnetic energy redistribution systems between galvanic cells. A number of Simulink models were developed to determine the electrical parameters of active and passive balancing circuits. Performance and accuracy study of balancing a multi-element battery in charge and discharge modes was conducted by Simulink models. It was established that, compared to classical methods, the proposed balancing method enhances the accuracy by 1.43 times and improves dynamic indices of the balancing process at any state of charge of batteries. The proposed balancing method is a perspective for energy storage systems based on multi-element batteries for power supply nodes of high-power loads with pulsed and repeated short-term operation modes.

Research and development of power factor corrector (PFC) for AC/DC converters of single-phase AC power supply network are discussed within this article. Two-channel bridgeless PFC is proposed in this paper. The proposed converter allows us to lower current DC component generation in the power network and to reduce static and dynamic losses of semiconductor devices. The suggested solution characteristic features are the absence of a diode bridge while using two identical converters operating in different power network voltage half periods. Due to cumulative chokes in each converter, the function setting the consumption current sinusoidal form is realized with the ability of wide-range output voltage regulation. A number of Simulink-models have been developed in order to study operating modes and to test control algorithms of the proposed bridgeless PFC. The input current harmonic content, efficiency coefficient, passive elements’ electrical parameters, and output voltage pulsation coefficient of the proposed bridgeless PFC were researched by Simulink-models. The results obtained show the efficiency of the proposed solutions regarding PFC. The THD value does not exceed 1.3% in steady state mode and is not over 4% during the voltage stabilization process; the minimal value of the output voltage pulsation coefficient is 3.1%. The suggested solutions can be applied in accumulator batteries’ charging sets and DC motors’ reduced-current start.