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Hua-Zhang Zhao
Department of Environmental Engineering, Peking University, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of All Material Fluxes in River Ecosystems, Beijing 100871, P. R. China

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Journal article
Published: 11 May 2021 in Chemical Engineering Science
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Excessive nitrate in waterbody, which usually leads to eutrophication, can be removed by microbial denitrification processes. However, denitrification rate is greatly constrained by the spatial separation of nitrate in the upper oxic water layer from the electron donors close to the anoxic sediment. Herein, we constructed a genetically engineered bacterium (GEB), by co-expressing MO2.1 from Moringa oleifera and FLO5 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, to simultaneously adsorb and self-flocculate nitrate from water. The GEB could migrate 45.5% of the nitrate to the bottom layer in actual water. Expressed FLO5 is electrically neutral and could trigger bacterial flocculation under the mediation of extracellular polysaccharides. Certain cationic arginine sites in MO2.1 can form strong electrostatic adsorption with NO3-, achieving bacterial self-flocculation, sedimentation and nitrate removal. The construction of multifunctional GEB could realize waterbody nitrate migration and is important to studies on new functional bacteria, water purification technology as well as geochemical nitrogen cycle.

ACS Style

Qin-Zheng Yang; Bin Zhou; Jin-Wei Liu; Wen-Rui Shen; Xin-Di Jia; Xiao-Jia He; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Nitrate removal from water via self-flocculation of genetically engineered bacteria. Chemical Engineering Science 2021, 242, 116750 .

AMA Style

Qin-Zheng Yang, Bin Zhou, Jin-Wei Liu, Wen-Rui Shen, Xin-Di Jia, Xiao-Jia He, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Nitrate removal from water via self-flocculation of genetically engineered bacteria. Chemical Engineering Science. 2021; 242 ():116750.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qin-Zheng Yang; Bin Zhou; Jin-Wei Liu; Wen-Rui Shen; Xin-Di Jia; Xiao-Jia He; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2021. "Nitrate removal from water via self-flocculation of genetically engineered bacteria." Chemical Engineering Science 242, no. : 116750.

Review article
Published: 25 February 2021 in Water Research
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Membrane technology has been widely used in the wastewater treatment and seawater desalination. In recent years, the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane represented by polyamide (PA) has made great progress because of its excellent properties. However, the conventional PA RO membranes still have some scientific problems, such as membrane fouling, easy degradation after chlorination, and unclear mechanisms of salt retention and water flux, which seriously impede the widespread use of RO membrane technology. This paper reviews the progress in the research and development of the RO membrane, with key focus on the mechanisms and strategies of the contemporary separation, anti-fouling and chlorine resistance of the PA RO membrane. This review seeks to provide state-of-the-art insights into the mitigation strategies and basic mechanisms for some of the key challenges. Under the guidance of the fundamental understanding of each mechanism, operation and modification strategies are discussed, and reasonable analysis is carried out, which can address some key technical challenges. The last section of the review focuses on the technical issues, challenges, and future perspective of these mechanisms and strategies. Advances in synergistic mechanisms and strategies of the PA RO membranes have been rarely reviewed; thus, this review can serve as a guide for new entrants to the field of membrane water treatment and established researchers.

ACS Style

Chao Liu; Wenjing Wang; Bo Yang; Ke Xiao; Huazhang Zhao. Separation, anti-fouling, and chlorine resistance of the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane: From mechanisms to mitigation strategies. Water Research 2021, 195, 116976 .

AMA Style

Chao Liu, Wenjing Wang, Bo Yang, Ke Xiao, Huazhang Zhao. Separation, anti-fouling, and chlorine resistance of the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane: From mechanisms to mitigation strategies. Water Research. 2021; 195 ():116976.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chao Liu; Wenjing Wang; Bo Yang; Ke Xiao; Huazhang Zhao. 2021. "Separation, anti-fouling, and chlorine resistance of the polyamide reverse osmosis membrane: From mechanisms to mitigation strategies." Water Research 195, no. : 116976.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2020 in Sustainability
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The development of the bionic water channel aims to replace the possible use of natural aquaporins (AQPs) for water purification, while retaining the ability of natural AQPs to carry out ultra-fast water transport and repel ions. Carbon nanotube channels (CNTCs) are a convenient membrane-based model system for studying nano-fluidic transport that replicates a number of key structural features of biological membrane channels. In this report, we describe protocols for CNTCs synthesis by ultrasound-assisted cutting of long CNTs in the presence of lipid amphiphiles. CNTCs have a similar thickness to the lipid membrane and high affinity for it. The ultra-short high-affinity CNTCs have high permeability and ion selectivity. The water permeability of the CNTCs is 1936 ± 123 μm/s, which is 2.3 times that of natural AQPs, and completely rejects salt ions. In general, carbon nanotubes represent a multifunctional nanopore building module for creating high-ranking functional bionic materials. This study has reference significance for the design of new bionic water channel and the actual development of bionic membrane based on CNTs.

ACS Style

Guangli Liu; Bin Zhou; Jinwei Liu; Huazhang Zhao. The Bionic Water Channel of Ultra-Short, High Affinity Carbon Nanotubes with High Water Permeability and Proton Selectivity. Sustainability 2020, 13, 102 .

AMA Style

Guangli Liu, Bin Zhou, Jinwei Liu, Huazhang Zhao. The Bionic Water Channel of Ultra-Short, High Affinity Carbon Nanotubes with High Water Permeability and Proton Selectivity. Sustainability. 2020; 13 (1):102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guangli Liu; Bin Zhou; Jinwei Liu; Huazhang Zhao. 2020. "The Bionic Water Channel of Ultra-Short, High Affinity Carbon Nanotubes with High Water Permeability and Proton Selectivity." Sustainability 13, no. 1: 102.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Dissolved contaminants (nitrate nitrogen, etc.) in municipal sewage effluent and polluted water resources need to be further removed, but common advanced water treatment technologies usually have unsatisfactory performance and large process footprints. Magnetic seeding coagulation (MSC) has a rapid settling speed; however, it is less effective for removing dissolved contaminants and cannot recover effective components. Herein, a novel covalently bound magnetic hybrid coagulant (MHC) was synthesized and used to treat secondary biological effluent. MHC settling time was 2/3 shorter than traditional MSC and showed high removal efficiencies for conventional coagulation indicators and dissolved contaminants such as nitrate nitrogen and organic nitrogen. The nitrate nitrogen removal mechanisms included nitrate nitrogen capture through the electrostatic attraction and the collision efficiency enhancement. MHC integral structure can be bioregenerated for multiple cycles. Because of its effectiveness in removing dissolved contaminants rapidly, MHC has potential application in advanced water treatment, especially in land-scarce areas.

ACS Style

Yang He; Jin-Wei Liu; Peng-Bo Song; Si Chen; Hai-Long Liu; Si-Tong Liu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Magnetic hybrid coagulant for rapid and efficient removal of nitrogen compounds from municipal wastewater and its mechanistic investigation. Chemical Engineering Journal 2020, 417, 127990 .

AMA Style

Yang He, Jin-Wei Liu, Peng-Bo Song, Si Chen, Hai-Long Liu, Si-Tong Liu, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Magnetic hybrid coagulant for rapid and efficient removal of nitrogen compounds from municipal wastewater and its mechanistic investigation. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2020; 417 ():127990.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang He; Jin-Wei Liu; Peng-Bo Song; Si Chen; Hai-Long Liu; Si-Tong Liu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2020. "Magnetic hybrid coagulant for rapid and efficient removal of nitrogen compounds from municipal wastewater and its mechanistic investigation." Chemical Engineering Journal 417, no. : 127990.

Journal article
Published: 29 October 2020 in Chemosphere
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Modifying the electrodes of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with iron oxides can improve the bacterial attachment performances and electrocatalytic activities for energy conversion, which is of significance in the fabrication of MFCs. However, the conventional modification methods usually result in the aggregation of iron sites, producing the electrodes of poor qualities. Herein, we report a novel method for the modification of electrochemical electrodes to boost the anode performance of MFC. The Shewanella precursor adhered on carbon felt electrode was directly carbonized to form a bacteria-derived biological iron oxide/carbon (Bio-FeOx/C) nanocomposite catalyst. The large spatial separation between the bacteria, as well as those between the iron containing proteins in the bacteria, deliver a highly dispersed Bio-FeOx/C nanocomposite with good electrocatalytic activities. The excellent microbial attachment performance and electron transfer rate of the Bio-FeOx/C modified electrode significantly promote the transfer of produced electrons between bacteria and electrode. Accordingly, the MFC with the Bio-FeOx/C electrode exhibits the maximum power density of 797.0 mW m−2, much higher than that obtained with the conventional carbon felt anode (226.1 mW m−2). Our works have paved a new avenue to the conversion of the natural bacterial precursors into active iron oxide nanoparticles as the anode catalyst of MFCs. The high catalytic activity of the prepared Bio-FeOx endows it great application potentials in the construction of high-performance electrodes.

ACS Style

Qinzheng Yang; Siqi Yang; Guangli Liu; Bin Zhou; Xiaodi Yu; Yanshun Yin; Jing Yang; Huazhang Zhao. Boosting the anode performance of microbial fuel cells with a bacteria-derived biological iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite catalyst. Chemosphere 2020, 268, 128800 .

AMA Style

Qinzheng Yang, Siqi Yang, Guangli Liu, Bin Zhou, Xiaodi Yu, Yanshun Yin, Jing Yang, Huazhang Zhao. Boosting the anode performance of microbial fuel cells with a bacteria-derived biological iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite catalyst. Chemosphere. 2020; 268 ():128800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinzheng Yang; Siqi Yang; Guangli Liu; Bin Zhou; Xiaodi Yu; Yanshun Yin; Jing Yang; Huazhang Zhao. 2020. "Boosting the anode performance of microbial fuel cells with a bacteria-derived biological iron oxide/carbon nanocomposite catalyst." Chemosphere 268, no. : 128800.

Journal article
Published: 14 October 2020 in Chemosphere
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Inspired by the self-purification process and a low nitrogen content of the ocean, and the fact that the driving-force behind ecological cycle is solar irradiation, a novel photochemical strategy was designed to spontaneously remove inorganic ammonia nitrogen from wastewater with solar irradiation. This strategy is based on the principles of green chemistry and energy efficiency, and meanwhile the prevention from the introduction of accompanying pollution. In our strategy, a photo-Fe (or Mn)–O2 system was built to remove ammonia-nitrogen from its aqueous solution. The results show that with full band solar irradiation at a range of 10–30 mW cm−2, in weak alkaline condition, more than 90% of ammonia-nitrogen can be effectively removed from NH4Cl aqueous solution by the new strategy, with a residual concentration as low as 2 mg L−1. Mn(III) was proved to be a better catalyst than Fe(III). The catalytic mechanism of N-removal is the generation of •OH during the process of the photoreduction of transition metal hydroxides. DFT theory had been applied to help explaining the mechanism. Different from general knowledge, in our strategy, an alkaline environment, where the generation rate of radicals was relatively slow and comparable to oxidation rate of transition metal ions, can guarantee the stability and persistency of the catalytic reaction. No NOx was produced in this strategy. This new strategy provides a new possibility of cost-efficient and environmental-friendly wastewater treatment, and has certain meaning of understanding how self-purification works in nature.

ACS Style

Hao-Tian Wang; Xue-Ling Li; Xin-Shi Wu; Jun Wan; Chun-Xue Zhang; Bo Sun; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Treatment of ammonia-embodied wastewater by a transition-metal-based photochemical catalysis strategy. Chemosphere 2020, 270, 128614 .

AMA Style

Hao-Tian Wang, Xue-Ling Li, Xin-Shi Wu, Jun Wan, Chun-Xue Zhang, Bo Sun, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Treatment of ammonia-embodied wastewater by a transition-metal-based photochemical catalysis strategy. Chemosphere. 2020; 270 ():128614.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao-Tian Wang; Xue-Ling Li; Xin-Shi Wu; Jun Wan; Chun-Xue Zhang; Bo Sun; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2020. "Treatment of ammonia-embodied wastewater by a transition-metal-based photochemical catalysis strategy." Chemosphere 270, no. : 128614.

Research article
Published: 12 October 2020 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Dissolved organic matter (DOM) composition in salt lakes is critical for water quality and aquatic ecology, and the salinization of salt lakes affects the DOM composition. To the best of our knowledge, no study has explored the effects of salinity on salt lake DOM composition at the molecular level. In this work, we selected Qinghai Lake (QHL) and Daihai Lake (DHL) as typical saline lakes. The two lakes have similar geographical and climatic conditions, and the salinity of QHL is higher than that of DHL. Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry coupled with electrospray ionization was applied to compare the DOM molecular composition in the two lakes. At higher salinity, the DOM showed larger average molecular weight, higher oxidation degree, and lower aromaticity. Moreover, the proportion of DOM that is vulnerable to microbial degradation (e.g., lipids), photo-degradation (e.g., aromatic structures), or both processes (e.g., carbohydrates and unsaturated hydrocarbons) reduced at higher salinity. On the contrary, compounds that are refractory to microbial degradation (e.g., lignins/CRAM-like structures and tannins) or photo-degradation (e.g., aliphatic compounds) accumulated. Our study provides a useful and unique method to study DOM molecular composition in salt lakes with different salinity and is helpful to understand DOM transformation during the salinization of salt lakes.

ACS Style

Wei Xu; Qiang Gao; Chen He; Quan Shi; Zheng-Qing Hou; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Using ESI FT-ICR MS to Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter in Salt Lakes with Different Salinity. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 12929 -12937.

AMA Style

Wei Xu, Qiang Gao, Chen He, Quan Shi, Zheng-Qing Hou, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Using ESI FT-ICR MS to Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter in Salt Lakes with Different Salinity. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (20):12929-12937.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei Xu; Qiang Gao; Chen He; Quan Shi; Zheng-Qing Hou; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2020. "Using ESI FT-ICR MS to Characterize Dissolved Organic Matter in Salt Lakes with Different Salinity." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 20: 12929-12937.

Research article
Published: 08 June 2020 in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research
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To remove nitrate and phosphate from sewage efficiently, current membranes need improved permselectivity, antifouling, and antibacterial properties. Herein, a new hybrid membrane modified with quaternary ammonium and silanol groups was fabricated by doping siloxane quaternary ammonium loaded activated carbon (SiQA) onto poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF). The hybrid membranes had surface morphology, porosity, membrane pore sizes, and water fluxes typical of ultrafiltration membranes. At a secondary sewage effluent flux of 35 LMH, the permeate nitrate and total phosphorus concentrations were <1 mg-N L–1 and <0.2 mg-P L–1, respectively. Superior removal selectivity of nitrate and phosphate was attributable to the introduced positively charged quaternary ammonium groups. Improved hydrophilicity from silanols reduced irreversible membrane fouling by 67% compared to a nondoped membrane. The quaternary ammonium groups also increased antibacterial activity. The antifouling and antibacterial hybrid membrane overcomes the permeability–selectivity trade-off and may be applicable in advanced sewage treatment.

ACS Style

Sheng Liu; Jin-Wei Liu; Hong Wang; Ya-Xin Yang; Si-Tong Liu; David Hanigan; Hua-Zhang Zhao. New Antifouling and Antibacterial Membrane Material for Highly Selective Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 2020, 59, 12114 -12122.

AMA Style

Sheng Liu, Jin-Wei Liu, Hong Wang, Ya-Xin Yang, Si-Tong Liu, David Hanigan, Hua-Zhang Zhao. New Antifouling and Antibacterial Membrane Material for Highly Selective Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 2020; 59 (26):12114-12122.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sheng Liu; Jin-Wei Liu; Hong Wang; Ya-Xin Yang; Si-Tong Liu; David Hanigan; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2020. "New Antifouling and Antibacterial Membrane Material for Highly Selective Removal of Nitrate and Phosphate." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 59, no. 26: 12114-12122.

Short communication
Published: 30 March 2020 in Environmental Research
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The power generation performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) greatly depends on the relative amount of electricigens in the anodic microbial community. Running the MFC multiple times can practically enrich the electricigens, and thus improve its power generation efficiency. However, Gram-positive electricigens cannot be enriched well because of their thick non-conductive peptidoglycan layer. Herein, we report a new Gram-positive electricigen enrichment method by regulating the peptidoglycan layer of the bacteria using lysozyme. Lysozyme can partially hydrolyze the peptidoglycans layer of Gram-positive Firmicutes to improve the permeability of cell wall, and thus enhance its electricity generation activity. The stimulation of Gram-positive electricigen endows MFCs a high power generation community structure, which results in the power density 42% higher than that of the control sample. Our work has provided a new and simple method for optimizing the anode community structure by regulating weak electricigens in the community with lysozyme.

ACS Style

Wenrui Shen; Xiaoran Zhao; Xiaoliang Wang; Siqi Yang; Xindi Jia; Xiaodi Yu; Jing Yang; Qinzheng Yang; Huazhang Zhao. Improving the power generation performances of Gram-positive electricigens by regulating the peptidoglycan layer with lysozyme. Environmental Research 2020, 185, 109463 .

AMA Style

Wenrui Shen, Xiaoran Zhao, Xiaoliang Wang, Siqi Yang, Xindi Jia, Xiaodi Yu, Jing Yang, Qinzheng Yang, Huazhang Zhao. Improving the power generation performances of Gram-positive electricigens by regulating the peptidoglycan layer with lysozyme. Environmental Research. 2020; 185 ():109463.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wenrui Shen; Xiaoran Zhao; Xiaoliang Wang; Siqi Yang; Xindi Jia; Xiaodi Yu; Jing Yang; Qinzheng Yang; Huazhang Zhao. 2020. "Improving the power generation performances of Gram-positive electricigens by regulating the peptidoglycan layer with lysozyme." Environmental Research 185, no. : 109463.

Journal article
Published: 20 June 2019 in International Journal of Hydrogen Energy
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The development of large surface-area and high conductivity electrode is a prerequisite for the construction of high-performance microbial fuel cells. Herein, we report an innovative approach to the fabrication of such high-performance electrodes via the welding assembly of 3D interconnected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on a carbon-fiber (CF) paper electrode. The minimized interfacial ohmic loss between CNTs and the CF scaffold endowed the microbial fuel cells with the welding-assembled CNT-CF electrodes excellent electrochemical properties with the maximum power density of 2015.6 mW m−2, 10.0 times higher than that obtained with the untreated CP/CNT (499.8 mW m−2) carbon paper anode. As compared to the conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) growth technique for fabricating CNT- CF electrodes, this welding assembly approach is more versatile and much easier for up-scaling; on this basis, our work may pave a new avenue to the large-scale production of high-performance microbial fuel cells.

ACS Style

Qinzheng Yang; Xuedong Zhao; Jing Yang; Bin Zhou; Jingzhen Wang; Yongsheng Dong; Huazhang Zhao. Welding assembly of 3D interconnected carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber as the high-performance anode of microbial fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2019, 44, 20304 -20311.

AMA Style

Qinzheng Yang, Xuedong Zhao, Jing Yang, Bin Zhou, Jingzhen Wang, Yongsheng Dong, Huazhang Zhao. Welding assembly of 3D interconnected carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber as the high-performance anode of microbial fuel cells. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2019; 44 (36):20304-20311.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinzheng Yang; Xuedong Zhao; Jing Yang; Bin Zhou; Jingzhen Wang; Yongsheng Dong; Huazhang Zhao. 2019. "Welding assembly of 3D interconnected carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber as the high-performance anode of microbial fuel cells." International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44, no. 36: 20304-20311.

Paper
Published: 13 February 2019 in Nanoscale
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N-Doped reduced graphene foam was obtained by one-step hydrothermal reaction by the confinement of solution ionic strength.

ACS Style

Daoqing Liu; Qianwei Li; Si Li; Jinbao Hou; Huazhang Zhao. A confinement strategy to prepare N-doped reduced graphene oxide foams with desired monolithic structures for supercapacitors. Nanoscale 2019, 11, 4362 -4368.

AMA Style

Daoqing Liu, Qianwei Li, Si Li, Jinbao Hou, Huazhang Zhao. A confinement strategy to prepare N-doped reduced graphene oxide foams with desired monolithic structures for supercapacitors. Nanoscale. 2019; 11 (10):4362-4368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daoqing Liu; Qianwei Li; Si Li; Jinbao Hou; Huazhang Zhao. 2019. "A confinement strategy to prepare N-doped reduced graphene oxide foams with desired monolithic structures for supercapacitors." Nanoscale 11, no. 10: 4362-4368.

Author correction
Published: 23 January 2019 in Nature Nanotechnology
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In the version of the Supplementary Information file originally published with this Article, the images used for Supplementary Fig. 4 were incorrect and have now been replaced. This does not affect the results of the Article.

ACS Style

Jinwei Liu; Shihan Cheng; Na Cao; Chunxiang Geng; Chen He; Quan Shi; Chunming Xu; Jinren Ni; Ryan M. Duchanois; Menachem Elimelech; Huazhang Zhao. Author Correction: Actinia-like multifunctional nanocoagulant for single-step removal of water contaminants. Nature Nanotechnology 2019, 14, 191 -191.

AMA Style

Jinwei Liu, Shihan Cheng, Na Cao, Chunxiang Geng, Chen He, Quan Shi, Chunming Xu, Jinren Ni, Ryan M. Duchanois, Menachem Elimelech, Huazhang Zhao. Author Correction: Actinia-like multifunctional nanocoagulant for single-step removal of water contaminants. Nature Nanotechnology. 2019; 14 (2):191-191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinwei Liu; Shihan Cheng; Na Cao; Chunxiang Geng; Chen He; Quan Shi; Chunming Xu; Jinren Ni; Ryan M. Duchanois; Menachem Elimelech; Huazhang Zhao. 2019. "Author Correction: Actinia-like multifunctional nanocoagulant for single-step removal of water contaminants." Nature Nanotechnology 14, no. 2: 191-191.

Journal article
Published: 26 November 2018 in Nature Nanotechnology
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Current technologies for water purification are limited by their contaminant-specific removal capability, requiring multiple processes to meet water quality objectives. Here we show an innovative biomimetic micellar nanocoagulant that imitates the structure of Actinia, a marine predator that uses its tentacles to ensnare food, for the removal of an array of water contaminants with a single treatment step. The Actinia-like micellar nanocoagulant has a core-shell structure and readily disperses in water while maintaining a high stability against aggregation. To achieve effective coagulation, the nanocoagulant everts its configuration, similar to Actinia. The shell hydrolyses into 'flocs' and destabilizes and enmeshes colloidal particles while the core is exposed to water, like the extended tentacles of Actinia, and adsorbs the dissolved contaminants. The technology, with its ability to remove a broad spectrum of contaminants and produce high-quality water, has the potential to be a cost-effective replacement for current water treatment processes.

ACS Style

Jinwei Liu; Shihan Cheng; Na Cao; Chunxiang Geng; Chen He; Quan Shi; Chunming Xu; Jinren Ni; Ryan M. Duchanois; Menachem Elimelech; Huazhang Zhao. Actinia-like multifunctional nanocoagulant for single-step removal of water contaminants. Nature Nanotechnology 2018, 14, 64 -71.

AMA Style

Jinwei Liu, Shihan Cheng, Na Cao, Chunxiang Geng, Chen He, Quan Shi, Chunming Xu, Jinren Ni, Ryan M. Duchanois, Menachem Elimelech, Huazhang Zhao. Actinia-like multifunctional nanocoagulant for single-step removal of water contaminants. Nature Nanotechnology. 2018; 14 (1):64-71.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jinwei Liu; Shihan Cheng; Na Cao; Chunxiang Geng; Chen He; Quan Shi; Chunming Xu; Jinren Ni; Ryan M. Duchanois; Menachem Elimelech; Huazhang Zhao. 2018. "Actinia-like multifunctional nanocoagulant for single-step removal of water contaminants." Nature Nanotechnology 14, no. 1: 64-71.

Research article
Published: 18 October 2018 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Coagulation is an important process to remove organics from water. The molecular composition and structure of organic matter influence water quality in many ways, and the lack of information regarding the organics removed by different coagulants makes it challenging to optimize coagulation processes and ensure reclaimed water safety. In this paper, we investigated coagulation of secondary biological effluent from a municipal sewage treatment plant with different coagulants. We emphasized investigation of organics removal characteristics at the molecular level using Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI). We found that conventional coagulants can only partially remove condensed polycyclic aromatics and polyphenols with low H/C (H/C < 0.7) and highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds with high O/C (O/C > 0.6). A new coagulant, CBHyC, had better removal efficiencies for all organics with different element compositions and molecular structures, especially organics that are resistant to conventional coagulants such as highly unsaturated and phenolic compounds and aliphatic compounds located in 0.3 < O/C < 0.8 and 1.0 < H/C < 2.0 regions and sulfur-containing compounds with higher O/C (e.g., anionic surfactants and their metabolites or coproducts). This study provides molecular insights into the organics removed by different coagulants and provides data supporting the possible optimization of advanced wastewater treatment processes.

ACS Style

Chun-Xiang Geng; Na Cao; Wei Xu; Chen He; Zi-Wen Yuan; Jin-Wei Liu; Quan Shi; Chun-Ming Xu; Si-Tong Liu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Molecular Characterization of Organics Removed by a Covalently Bound Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Coagulant for Advanced Treatment of Municipal Sewage. Environmental Science & Technology 2018, 52, 12642 -12648.

AMA Style

Chun-Xiang Geng, Na Cao, Wei Xu, Chen He, Zi-Wen Yuan, Jin-Wei Liu, Quan Shi, Chun-Ming Xu, Si-Tong Liu, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Molecular Characterization of Organics Removed by a Covalently Bound Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Coagulant for Advanced Treatment of Municipal Sewage. Environmental Science & Technology. 2018; 52 (21):12642-12648.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chun-Xiang Geng; Na Cao; Wei Xu; Chen He; Zi-Wen Yuan; Jin-Wei Liu; Quan Shi; Chun-Ming Xu; Si-Tong Liu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2018. "Molecular Characterization of Organics Removed by a Covalently Bound Inorganic–Organic Hybrid Coagulant for Advanced Treatment of Municipal Sewage." Environmental Science & Technology 52, no. 21: 12642-12648.

Journal article
Published: 05 October 2018 in Water Research
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Types and structures of phosphorus compounds influence the removal of phosphorus by coagulation. Until now, the molecular-level interaction between coagulants and phosphorus (especially organophosphates) and the relationship between removal efficiency and phosphorus structure have not been clear. This work investigated the removal of phosphorus with different structures using conventional coagulants (poly aluminum chloride (PACl) and polymerized ferric sulfate (PFS)) and a novel covalently-bound inorganic–organic hybrid coagulant (CBHyC). CBHyC removed more than 98% of phosphate and most of organophosphates, had more stable performance than PACl and PFS, and was less affected by pH, initial phosphorus concentration, and co-occurring materials. Molecular dynamics simulation demonstrated that CBHyC removed phosphorus mainly through electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic interaction. Furthermore, this work established QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) models for removal efficiency and organophosphate structure for the first time. The model showed that atomic charges of phosphorus atoms (QP) and hydrogen atoms (QH+) in the system and the energy gap (ΔEMO) affected electronegativity and hydrophobicity, thus influencing organophosphate removal efficiency. The model had high fitting precision and good predictive ability and has the potential to greatly reduce the cost of optimizing processes and conditions for phosphorus removal.

ACS Style

Yong-Bao Chu; Min Li; Jin-Wei Liu; Wei Xu; Shi-Han Cheng; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Molecular insights into the mechanism and the efficiency-structure relationship of phosphorus removal by coagulation. Water Research 2018, 147, 195 -203.

AMA Style

Yong-Bao Chu, Min Li, Jin-Wei Liu, Wei Xu, Shi-Han Cheng, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Molecular insights into the mechanism and the efficiency-structure relationship of phosphorus removal by coagulation. Water Research. 2018; 147 ():195-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yong-Bao Chu; Min Li; Jin-Wei Liu; Wei Xu; Shi-Han Cheng; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2018. "Molecular insights into the mechanism and the efficiency-structure relationship of phosphorus removal by coagulation." Water Research 147, no. : 195-203.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Separation and Purification Technology
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Dredging operations produce sediment masses that require chemical conditioning and dewatering before disposing of dredged sediments. Conventional chemical conditioners have difficulty removing the bound water parceled in extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and the removal of bound water determines the dewatering ratio and the rate of sedimentation. In this study, the conventional conditioners FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, and cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) and a new covalently-bound hybrid coagulant (CBHyC) were investigated for dewatering sediments in laboratory conditions that simulated real-world conditions. The water content of dewatered cakes was 61.4–68.3% for sediment conditioned with FeCl3, Al2(SO4)3, and CPAM, while the water content was 52.6% with CBHyC. CBHyC achieved a setting rate that was 66–359% faster than conventional conditioners, decreased specific resistance to filtration (SRF) by 72–86% compared with conventional conditioners. CBHyC achieved the best sediment dewaterability due to its structure, which consists of hydrophobic group of a long carbon chain and hydrophilic groups of Fe-O-Si complexes and quaternary ammonium. This structure increases electrical neutralization ability and bridging effects, allowing formation of large dense flocs in sediments. Moreover, CBHyC also functioned as a surfactant, dissolving EPS (approximately 59.7%), especially proteins (approximately 59.9%) and humic substances (approximately 25.4%), from the sediment into water. The result was approximately 37.1% bound water parceled in EPS was transformed into free water. Lastly, the sediment conditioned with CBHyC exhibited a discontinuous and porous structure; thus, the water was more likely to flow quickly outward from interior locations. These results demonstrate the potential application of CBHyC for high efficiency and rapid dewatering of dredged sediments.

ACS Style

Yao-Ling Chi; Li-Fang Guo; Yi Xu; Jin-Wei Liu; Wei Xu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Rapid removal of bound water from dredged sediments using novel hybrid coagulants. Separation and Purification Technology 2018, 205, 169 -175.

AMA Style

Yao-Ling Chi, Li-Fang Guo, Yi Xu, Jin-Wei Liu, Wei Xu, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Rapid removal of bound water from dredged sediments using novel hybrid coagulants. Separation and Purification Technology. 2018; 205 ():169-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao-Ling Chi; Li-Fang Guo; Yi Xu; Jin-Wei Liu; Wei Xu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2018. "Rapid removal of bound water from dredged sediments using novel hybrid coagulants." Separation and Purification Technology 205, no. : 169-175.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2018 in Chemical Engineering Journal
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Removing low-concentration nitrate and phosphate from water is desirable because they may cause eutrophication when discharged, but it is challenging using current technologies. Although ultrafiltration (UF) membranes have higher permeability than nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes, they cannot remove nitrate and phosphate from water because of their low selectivity. It is the first time for a work to develop a novel UF membrane microreactor (MMR) simultaneously removing nitrate and phosphate with high capacity and selectivity. The UF MMR was fabricated by blending amorphous zirconium hydroxide and quaternary ammonium powder with poly(vinylidene fluoride) and had structure and pore size typical of conventional UF membranes. The MMR adsorption capacities for nitrate and phosphate were 9.66 mg-N/g and 15.58 mg-P/g, respectively. Adsorption followed pseudo second order rate law and was dominated by chemical adsorption. Coexisting sulfate ions usually compete strongly with nitrate and phosphate, but had little influence on removal using the UF MMR. The UF MMR had high permeability (500 LMH/MPa) and maintained excellent removal of nitrate and phosphate after regeneration with NaCl solution, making it a promising technology for water and wastewater treatment.

ACS Style

Qiang Gao; Cheng-Zhai Wang; Sheng Liu; David Hanigan; Si-Tong Liu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Ultrafiltration membrane microreactor (MMR) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from water. Chemical Engineering Journal 2018, 355, 238 -246.

AMA Style

Qiang Gao, Cheng-Zhai Wang, Sheng Liu, David Hanigan, Si-Tong Liu, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Ultrafiltration membrane microreactor (MMR) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from water. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2018; 355 ():238-246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qiang Gao; Cheng-Zhai Wang; Sheng Liu; David Hanigan; Si-Tong Liu; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2018. "Ultrafiltration membrane microreactor (MMR) for simultaneous removal of nitrate and phosphate from water." Chemical Engineering Journal 355, no. : 238-246.

Research article
Published: 30 June 2017 in Environmental Science & Technology
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Landfill leachate concentrate is a type of refractory organic wastewater with high environmental risk. Identification of refractory components and insights into the molecular transformations of the organics are essential for the development of efficient treatment process. In this report, molecular compositions of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in leachate concentrate, as well as changes after anaerobic/aerobic biodegradation and coagulation with salts, were characterized using electrospray ionization (ESI) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). DOM in leachate concentrate were more saturated and less oxidized with more nitrogen and sulfur-containing substances (accounting for 50.0%), comparing with natural organic matter in Suwannee River. Selectivity for different classes of organics during biodegradation and coagulation processes was observed. Substances with low oxidation degree (O/C < 0.3) were more reactive during biodegradation process, leading to the formation of highly oxidized molecules (O/C > 0.5). Unsaturated (H/C < 1.0) and oxidized (O/C > 0.4) substances containing carboxyl groups were preferentially removed after coagulation with Al or Fe sulfate. The complementary functions of biodegradation and coagulation in the treatment of DOM in leachate concentrate were verified at the molecular level. Lignin-derived compounds and sulfur-containing substances in leachate concentrate were resistant to biodegradation and coagulation treatments. To treat leachate concentrate more effectively, processes aimed at removal of such DOM should be developed.

ACS Style

Ziwen Yuan; Chen He; Quan Shi; Chunming Xu; Zhenshan Li; Chengzhai Wang; Huazhang Zhao; Jinren Ni. Molecular Insights into the Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Landfill Leachate Concentrate during Biodegradation and Coagulation Processes Using ESI FT-ICR MS. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51, 8110 -8118.

AMA Style

Ziwen Yuan, Chen He, Quan Shi, Chunming Xu, Zhenshan Li, Chengzhai Wang, Huazhang Zhao, Jinren Ni. Molecular Insights into the Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Landfill Leachate Concentrate during Biodegradation and Coagulation Processes Using ESI FT-ICR MS. Environmental Science & Technology. 2017; 51 (14):8110-8118.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ziwen Yuan; Chen He; Quan Shi; Chunming Xu; Zhenshan Li; Chengzhai Wang; Huazhang Zhao; Jinren Ni. 2017. "Molecular Insights into the Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Landfill Leachate Concentrate during Biodegradation and Coagulation Processes Using ESI FT-ICR MS." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 14: 8110-8118.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Bioresource Technology
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This report proposed a novel technique for the regulation of phosphorus flux based on a bioelectrochemical system. In the simulated water system, a simple in situ sediment microbial fuel cell (SMFC) was constructed. SMFC voltage was increased with time until it was 0.23V. The redox potential of the sediment was increased from -220mV to -178mV during the process. Phosphorus concentration in the water system was decreased from 0.1mg/L to 0.01mg/L, compared with 0.09mg/L in the control. The installation of a SMFC produced an external current and internal circuit, which promoted the transfer of phosphate in overlying water to the sediment, enhanced the microbial oxidation of Fe(2+), and increased the formation of stable phosphorus in sediment. In conclusion, phosphorus flux from the overlying water to sediment was enhanced by SMFC, which has the potential to be used for eutrophication control of water bodies.

ACS Style

Qinzheng Yang; Huazhang Zhao; Nannan Zhao; Jinren Ni; Xuejing Gu. Enhanced phosphorus flux from overlying water to sediment in a bioelectrochemical system. Bioresource Technology 2016, 216, 182 -187.

AMA Style

Qinzheng Yang, Huazhang Zhao, Nannan Zhao, Jinren Ni, Xuejing Gu. Enhanced phosphorus flux from overlying water to sediment in a bioelectrochemical system. Bioresource Technology. 2016; 216 ():182-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Qinzheng Yang; Huazhang Zhao; Nannan Zhao; Jinren Ni; Xuejing Gu. 2016. "Enhanced phosphorus flux from overlying water to sediment in a bioelectrochemical system." Bioresource Technology 216, no. : 182-187.

Articles
Published: 28 March 2016 in Desalination and Water Treatment
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Water quality in the Banchengzi reservoir in Beijing has been deteriorating year by year, and it was embodied by increasing concentrations of COD and stable but high levels of total nitrogen. In order to identify the causes and to formulate a strategy for pollution prevention and control, we examined the temporal and spatial variations of water pollution and carried out source identification studies. Routine monthly monitoring data for seven water quality and six hydro-meteorological variables of the Banchengzi reservoir from 2007 to 2012 were analyzed by statistical techniques, including correlation analysis and principle component analysis. In addition, water samples at six different sites in the reservoir were collected and analyzed to investigate the spatial variation of water quality and to further identify the water pollution sources by UV–vis spectroscopy, three-dimensional excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy, and nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) analysis. The results revealed that dissolved organic matter and nitrogen were the main pollutants and were principally derived from anthropogenic point source pollution in the upper areas, which included domestic sewage and livestock farming. We speculated that the biodegradable organic pollutants from sewage were degraded to form soluble microbial products (SMP) by aerobic microorganisms and that nitrogen pollutants were mostly transformed to nitrate by nitrification. These SMP, nitrate, and other refractory pollutants were carried by the upper stream flowing into the Banchengzi reservoir, where it accumulated. Effective control of point source pollution and upper river ecological restoration should be done to improve the water quality and protect the reservoir.

ACS Style

Zi-Wen Yuan; Lei Wang; Tian Lan; Ying Ji; Hua-Zhang Zhao. Water quality assessment and source identification of water pollution in the Banchengzi reservoir, Beijing, China. Desalination and Water Treatment 2016, 57, 29240 -29253.

AMA Style

Zi-Wen Yuan, Lei Wang, Tian Lan, Ying Ji, Hua-Zhang Zhao. Water quality assessment and source identification of water pollution in the Banchengzi reservoir, Beijing, China. Desalination and Water Treatment. 2016; 57 (60):29240-29253.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zi-Wen Yuan; Lei Wang; Tian Lan; Ying Ji; Hua-Zhang Zhao. 2016. "Water quality assessment and source identification of water pollution in the Banchengzi reservoir, Beijing, China." Desalination and Water Treatment 57, no. 60: 29240-29253.