With the continuous expansion of air traffic flow, the increasingly serious aviation network security threats have a significant and far-reaching impact on the safe operation of the aviation industry. The networked air traffic management (ATM) system is an integrated space–air–ground network integrating communication, network, satellite, and data chain technology, which adopts a network-centric structure to provide network-enabled services and applications for the air transportation system. In view of the serious network threats faced by networked ATM, this paper studies the basic theories and key technologies of ATM information security assurance and designs a credible security architecture to provide comprehensive and systematic security assurance for networked ATM. Starting from the problems and development trend of ATM security assurance, this paper investigates the dynamic and complex data processing process of ATM system, analyzes the complex interaction between its cyber and physical system, and then constructs the networked ATM cyber–physical fusion system model and threat model. Furthermore, the causal relationship between ATM security threat alert information is mapped into a Bayesian network, and the game model of networked ATM is proposed using Bayesian Nash equilibrium strategy. At last, the information security assurance architecture of networked ATM system based on blockchain technology is formed by establishing a distributed co-trust mechanism and multi-chain storage structure. We expect this paper to bring some inspiration to the related research in academia and aviation so as to provide useful reference for the construction of ATM safety and security system and the development of technology.

As a new type of production factor, data possesses multidimensional application value, and its pivotal role is becoming increasingly prominent in the aviation sector. Data sharing can significantly enhance the utilization efficiency of data resources and serves as one of the key tasks in building smart civil aviation. However, currently, data silos are pervasive, with vast amounts of data only being utilized and analyzed within limited scopes, leaving their full potential untapped. The challenges in data sharing primarily stem from three aspects: (1) Data owners harbor concerns regarding data security and privacy. (2) The highly dynamic and real-time nature of aviation operations imposes stringent requirements on the timeliness, stability, and reliability of data sharing, thereby constraining its scope and extent. (3) The lack of reasonable incentive mechanisms results in insufficient motivation for data owners to share. Consequently, addressing the issue of aviation big data sharing holds significant importance. Since the release of the Bitcoin whitepaper in 2008, blockchain technology has achieved continuous breakthroughs in the fields of data security and collaborative computing. Its unique characteristics—decentralization, tamper-proofing, traceability, and scalability—lay the foundation for its integration with aviation. Blockchain can deeply integrate with air traffic management (ATM) operations, effectively resolving trust, efficiency, and collaboration challenges in distributed scenarios for ATM data. To address the heterogeneous data usage requirements of different ATM stakeholders, this paper constructs a blockchain-based multi-level data security sharing architecture, enabling fine-grained management and secure collaboration. Furthermore, to meet the stringent timeliness demands of aviation operations and the storage pressure posed by massive data, this paper optimizes blockchain storage deployment and consensus mechanisms, thereby enhancing system scalability and processing efficiency. Additionally, a dual-mode data-sharing solution combining raw data sharing and model sharing is proposed, offering a novel approach to aviation big data sharing. Security and formal analyses demonstrate that the proposed solution is both secure and effective.

Data sharing is the keystone to maintain the continuous operation of air traffic management (ATM). As situational awareness and collaborative decision-making become significant components of smart ATM, data sharing capability becomes a constraint on the development of ATM. The existing ATM data-sharing solutions have the following issues: 1) data-sharing efficiency is low; 2) data security has not received sufficient attention; and 3) access control is difficult to implement. Therefore, a security data-sharing model for ATM based on cloud-blockchain fusion is proposed, which realizes data security storage, intelligent service governance, and data authorized access. Firstly, a set of metafile storage structures is defined to realize the separate storage of data and metadata, which provides integrity verification and encrypted storage. Besides, using attribute-based encryption and service retrieval algorithms, the data publishing, discovery, and invocation functions based on smart contracts are realized. Finally, this scheme realizes secure data sharing in the ATM environment, and the computational cost and time cost are also kept at an acceptable level compared with other existing schemes.