Health literacy is an important determinant of health care use among refugees and migrant communities. This present study aimed to evaluate the relationship between health literacy levels, sociodemographic characteristics, and the status of receiving the COVID-19 vaccine in Syrians under “Temporary Protection” in Istanbul. This study was conducted in February, March, and May 2022 in an Extended Migrant Health Center in Istanbul, with a survey prepared in Arabic under observation. A total of 571 questionnaires were analyzed. The mean age of the participants was 31.92 ± 6.14, and 80.7% were female and 26.6% were high school graduates. A total of 55.0% of Syrians have not had any of the COVID-19 vaccines. The health literacy level of 1.1% of the immigrants was determined as “excellent”, 68.7% as “inadequate”, 20.7% as “problematic/limited”, and 9.6% as “adequate”. According to the logistic regression model, being male, of elder age, middle and above economic status, and having a chronic disease in the family were determined as the variables associated with the status of being vaccinated against COVID-19. Refugees are a group often exposed to inequalities in access to health services. Increasing health literacy in these groups will provide a significant improvement in access to and use of health services.

Background: Dermatological diseases account for a substantial share of primary-care visits, yet many are referred to secondary or tertiary services. A notable proportion of dermatology outpatient visits may instead be manageable within primary care. We evaluated whether patients assessed at the tertiary level could have been managed in primary care, in order to inform referral optimization. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, the records of 400 patients who presented to the dermatology outpatient clinic of a city hospital in Istanbul between May, and July 2025 were analyzed. Each case was independently classified by three multidisciplinary commissions; each commission comprised a dermatologist, a family medicine specialist, and a general practitioner. Each commission produced a single panel-level management decision per case, and inter-commission agreement across the three commissions was assessed with Fleiss’ kappa. Results: Of the 400 patients, 58.8% were female and the mean age was 31.0 ± 17.6 years; 27.5% (n = 110) were pediatric (aged 0–18 years). Overall, 51.5% of cases were judged manageable in primary care (27.5% by a family physician directly and 24.0% with teledermatology support); this was 55.5% in pediatric and 50.0% in adult patients. Only 17.8% of patients had consulted a family physician in the 7 days before attendance. The most frequent diagnoses were acne, dermatitis, and superficial fungal infections. Inter-commission agreement was moderate overall (κ = 0.430; p < 0.001) and lower in pediatric (κ = 0.312) than adult (κ = 0.471) cases. Conclusions: A substantial proportion of tertiary dermatology visits could plausibly be managed in primary care. Realizing this potential depends primarily on strengthening primary-care dermatology capacity, with teledermatology serving as one structured, supportive pathway.