Due to the inflow of meltwater from the Midre Lovénbreen glacier upstream of Kongsfjorden, the nutrient concentration of Kongsfjorden change from the estuary to the interior of the fjord. Our objective was to explore the changes in bacterial community structure and metabolism-related genes from the estuary to fjord by metagenomic analysis. Our data indicate that glacial meltwater input has altered the physicochemical properties of the fjords, with a significant effect, in particular, on fjords salinity, thus altering the relative abundance of some specific bacterial groups. In addition, we suggest that the salinity of a fjord is an important factor affecting the abundance of genes associated with the nitrogen and sulfur cycles in the fjord. Changes in salinity may affect the relative abundance of microbial populations that carry metabolic genes, thus affecting the relative abundance of genes associated with the nitrogen and sulfur cycles.

Two typical lakes formed from meltwater in the Ny-Ålesund area were taken as the study subjects in 2018. To investigate the archaeal community compositions of the two lakes, 16S rRNA genes from soil samples from the intertidal and subtidal zones of the two lakes were sequenced with high throughput. At the phylum level, the intertidal zone was dominated by Crenarchaeota and the subtidal zone was dominated by Halobacter; at the genus level, the intertidal zone was dominated by Nitrososphaeraceae_unclassified and Candidatus_Nitrocosmicus, while the subtidal zone was dominated by Methanoregula. The soil physicochemical factors pH, moisture content (MC), total organic carbon (TOC), total organic nitrogen (TON), nitrite nitrogen (NO₂⁻-N), and nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N) were significantly different in the intertidal and subtidal zones of the lake. By redundancy analysis, the results indicated that NH₄⁺-N, SiO₃²⁻-Si, MC, NO₃⁻-N, and NO₂⁻-N have had highly significant effects on the archaeal diversity and distribution. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to search for hub archaea associated with physicochemical factors. The results suggested that these physicochemical factors play important roles in the diversity and structure of the archaeal community at different sites by altering the abundance of certain hub archaea. In addition, Woesearchaeales was found to be the hub archaea genus at every site.

Deep learning has received much attention in hyperspectral image classification. However, most deep learning methods design relatively complex feature extraction and processing network modules for the characteristics of hyperspectral images (HSI), which may not be necessary for relatively simple patch-based HSI classification tasks. The complex network structure and high feature channel dimension lead to large computational complexities, which limit the practical applicability of HSI. In this paper, an elegant lightweight HSI classification-based information redistribution network (LIRnet) is proposed to separate and reaggregate the feature information to achieve feature information homogenization and extract discriminative feature information, respectively. The classification performance of LIRnet is better than that of existing methods on three different datasets in different scenarios, which proves its effectiveness. In addition, experiments on embedded devices verify the computational efficacy of LIRnet.

Benzophenone-3 (BP-3), an organic UV filter extensively applied in sunscreens, cosmetics and daily plastic products, is classified as a typical emerging endocrine-disrupting micropollutant. This compound is highly susceptible to bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms, triggers coral bleaching, and incurs oxidative damage to algae, fish and invertebrates. Conventional wastewater treatment processes cannot efficiently eliminate BP-3 from aqueous media, thereby imposing severe ecological risks on freshwater and marine ecosystems. In this study, iron-impregnated biochar (Fe-BC) was synthesized via an impregnation–pyrolysis route using powder of cultivated Chlorella pyrenoidosa (green microalga) as raw feedstock. Batch adsorption experiments revealed that iron impregnation remarkably enhanced the removal efficiency of BP-3. The maximum Langmuir saturated adsorption capacity of Fe-BC reached 91.7 mg/g, considerably exceeding the value of 51.5 mg/g for pristine biochar. Kinetic data exhibited favorable fitting with the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, demonstrating that Fe-BC rapidly captures BP-3 and achieves adsorption equilibrium within 120 min. Solution pH exerted a prominent influence on adsorption performance: the material maintained high BP-3 adsorption capacity at pH 7–10, whereas adsorption capacity declined drastically under strongly acidic (pH < 5) and extreme alkaline conditions (pH > 10.5). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) validated the successful loading of iron species onto the biochar surface, as well as the binding of BP-3 onto Fe-BC. Combined with pH-controlled experimental results, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, and pore-filling effects are inferred as the dominant adsorption mechanisms for BP-3 removal. Furthermore, Fe-BC retained favorable BP-3 removal performance in simulated seawater matrices, endowing it with preliminary potential for wastewater treatment in coastal zones and tourist scenic areas. This work offers basic laboratory insights into BP-3 adsorption, while further verification concerning environmental low-concentration conditions, authentic water matrices, material reusability and stability is essential for its practical application.

Lysosomal pH is important for regulating various physiological processes and the slight fluctuations in lysosomal pH can induce many adverse effects on cellular status, such as inflammation, aging, and tumours. Heat stroke is one of the most serious causes of morbidity and mortality. However, the relationship between heat shock and lysosomal pH values is still poorly understood. Herein, we introduced a colorimetric and turn-on fluorescent probe in red to NIR range for monitoring lysosomal pH values. The probe can selectively accumulate in lysosomes with a hig Pearson’s coefficient (0.95), and the suitable pKa value (6.73 ± 0.07) enables the probe to visualize changes in lysosomal pH values during the stimulation by chloroquine and heat stroke, respectively.