OBJECTIVE To describe the methodological aspects of the Piauí home healthcare survey (ISAD-PI) and assess the relation between sampling plan, precision, and design effects, assuming that population health surveys are relevant instruments for health monitoring. METHODS ISAD-PI was a population-based cross-sectional study that analyzed the living conditions and health status of the population residing in urban areas in the municipalities of Teresina and Picos, in Piauí. Sampling was carried out by conglomerates in two stages: Primary Sampling Units and households. To calculate the sample size, we considered the stratification of the population in both cities, according to the age of the individuals. We evaluated the “non-response” rate (NRR) and estimated the proportions according to sex and age, as well as the prevalence of social determinants of health in order to assess the compliance of the sampling plan. Analyses related to the precision according to the coefficient of proportion variation of the standard error (Cv-pˆ) and the design effect (deff). Cv-pˆ less than 20% and deff less than 1.5 were considered adequate. The total NRR of households was 38.2% in Teresina and 38.3% in Picos. We carried out twenty-four proportion estimates in relation to age and sex and 48 prevalence of social and health determinants estimates, totaling 72 estimates. Among them, 71 had Cv-pˆ less than 20% and 61 had deff less than or equal to 1.5. CONCLUSION Data generated from the ISAD-PI may contribute to the assessment of health and morbidity conditions in the population. Furthermore, methodological aspects employed in this research may serve as a basis for studies carried out in other cities in Brazil.

The present study investigates the relationship between the consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) and anthropometric indices of body composition in adults and seniors living in Teresina, the state capital of an area in northeastern Brazil. The article seeks to address two questions: Is UPF consumption linked to worsening body composition in different age groups? Do anthropometric indicators of body composition change with the increasing consumption of UPF? The study is a cross-sectional, household, population study, carried out with 490 adults and seniors. The food consumption was obtained with a 24 h food recall, and the foods were classified using NOVA. Anthropometric indicators evaluated were waist-to-height ratio, triceps skinfold thickness, arm circumference, corrected arm muscle area, subscapular skinfold thickness, and calf circumference. The association between energy contribution of UPF with anthropometric indicators was verified with a simple and multiple linear regression analysis. Individuals aged 20 to 35 years showed a significant association between UPF consumption and skinfold thickness (ß: 0.04; CI: 0.03/0.09), demonstrating an increase in this subcutaneous body fat marker with higher UPF consumption. Moreover, in participants aged 36 to 59 years, an inverse correlation between UPF intake and muscle mass markers, arm circumference (ß: −0.02; confidence interval: −0.03/−0.01), and corrected arm muscle area (ß: −0.07; confidence interval: −0.12/−0.02) were observed. Such results suggest there is decreased muscle mass with increasing UPF consumption. This is the first study that verified an association between UPF consumption and low-cost body composition indicators in different age groups.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of hypertension in adults and analyze its association with socioeconomic, demographic, and lifestyle risk factors. METHODS Home-based cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with adults of both sexes living in the cities of Teresina and Picos (PI). The prevalence of hypertension was estimated by self-reported diagnosis. The associations between hypertension and the following variables were tested: age, gender, skin color, education, family income, marital status, alcohol and cigarette consumption, physical activity, and nutritional status. RESULTS A total of 1,057 adult individuals with a mean age of 38.6 ± 11.5 years participated in the study, of which 62.3% were female. The prevalence of hypertension in the population was 16.4%. In the crude analysis, a significant association was observed between the prevalence of hypertension and factors such as older age, lower education, single marital status, brown skin color, smoking, and overweight (p < 0.05). However, after adjustments, only the associations with older age, brown skin color, sedentary lifestyle and overweight remained significant. CONCLUSION Older age, brown skin color, sedentary lifestyle, and the presence of overweight or obesity were significantly associated with hypertension. Among the modifiable risk factors, a sedentary lifestyle and overweight stand out as important for the genesis of hypertension, subject to intervention measures.

This research was aimed at evaluating the relationship between the estimated polyphenol intake and the atherogenic lipid profile in adult and elder residents in the city of Teresina, located in the Northeastern Region of Brazil. This study was a cross-sectional population-based survey with 501 adults and elders, conducted in Teresina, Brazil. Food intake was obtained by 24-h food recall. The estimated polyphenol intake was calculated by multiplying the food consumption data from the recall by the polyphenol content in the foods described in the Phenol-Explorer database. The mean intake of total polyphenols was 1006.53 mg/day. The phenolic acids was the class with the highest intake, followed by the flavonols. Coffee, beans and apples were the main foods contributing to the total polyphenol intake. In the individuals with elevated serum concentrations of total cholesterol and triglycerides, the intake of total polyphenols was significantly higher. The intake of total polyphenols, phenolic acids and lignans was higher in the subjects with dyslipidemia. This article provides, for the first time, data on the intake of the total polyphenol classes and subclasses in the evaluated population and the relationship with the lipid profile. The individuals with a higher intake of total polyphenols had a worse lipid profile, which may be a consequence of an improved diet in those individuals who present with dyslipidemia.

Objective Analyzing the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its association with adolescent diet quality. Methods Cross-sectional research with 327 adolescents from public and private high schools of Teresina, Piauí. Socioeconomic, anthropometric, and food consumption data were analyzed to obtain the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised. Moreover, data related to metabolic syndrome (blood glucose, blood pressure, waist circumference, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were also analyzed. Continuous variables were described by means, standard deviations, and 95% confi dence intervals. To verify the association between dependent and explanatory variables, we calculated the adjusted odds ratio. The level of signifi cance was set at p<0.05. Results The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 3.3%, with low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration being the most frequent alteration (50.5%). The mean score on the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised was 55.4 points. The worst scores were obtained in whole cereals, dark-green and orange vegetables, oils, milk and dairy products, and whole fruits. In contrast, total cereals, meat, eggs, and legumes had scores close to the maximum stipulated. The lowest tertile of dark-green, orange, and leguminous vegetables showed risk for low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the second tertile was protective against high blood glucose levels. As for the milk group, its lower intake increased the chances for high triglyceride and blood pressure levels. Conclusion Despite the low prevalence of metabolic syndrome, there were significant alterations in its components,associated with less consumption of important Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised items.