African American women survivors of intimate partner violence disproportionately experience homicide due, in part, to the racism and racial discrimination they experience during their help-seeking process. Yet, existing scholarship neglects to examine how this multiply-marginalized population of women navigate sociocultural barriers to obtain crisis services and supports from the domestic violence service provision system. Fundamental to developing culturally-salient interventions is more fully understanding their help-seeking behavior. We conducted 30 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with women who self-identified as African American. Constructivist grounded theory methodology was employed. Sensitizing concepts from the Transtheoretical Model of Change and Intersectionality theories, along with Agency framework were conceptually bound. The Theory of Help-Seeking Behavior emerged from the data. This nascent theory provides practitioners and researchers with a theoretical model to examine African American women’s nuanced help-seeking efforts.

This qualitative study aims to explore the factors that motivate people in recovery from substance use disorder in Kuantan to remain in a self-help group. A total of five recovering self-help group members participated in this study. The findings indicated that people in recovery decided to continue their participation in a self-help group in order to obtain support that helps them sustain their recovery. Furthermore, respondents explained that the self-help group empowers them to give back to society. The respondents in this study also emphasized that the presence of a positive group leader is vital in maintaining their motivation to continue their participation in the self-help group.

Cyberbullying among Chinese social media users has been described in relation to hostile words, pragmatic meanings, group alignment, identity positioning, and platform-mediated amplification. This scoping review mapped the linguistic and behavioral mechanisms reported in English-language studies indexed in Scopus and Web of Science concerning target-directed harm in Chinese social media contexts. Following the Arksey and O’Malley framework, Levac refinements, and PRISMA-ScR guidance, searches of Scopus and Web of Science identified 592 records. The 2015–2025 publication-date criterion was applied during screening. After deduplication, screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, 19 sources were included. Data were charted and synthesized thematically across lexical and lexico-semantic features, pragmatic strategies, discursive processes, and platform conditions. Four patterns emerged: evaluative labeling and semantic degradation; indirect aggression conveyed through irony, metaphor, insinuation, and culturally situated meanings; participant alignment and identity construction associated with legitimized hostility; and repetition, visibility, and collective participation associated with amplified harmful communication. Within this indexed English-language evidence base, cyberbullying was recurrently represented as a cumulative communicative process in which linguistic actions acquired harmful force through interpretation, social positioning, and social and technological circulation. Effective identification therefore requires attention to contextual meaning, interactional sequences, target relations, and platform dynamics, rather than reliance on isolated offensive terms. The review offers a provisional behavioral–linguistic framework derived from this indexed English-language evidence base while identifying methodological, platform, language, and database gaps for future empirical research.

HRMARS is well established journal publisher based in Pakistan. It is publishing prominent journals in social sciences since 2011.

Background: With the rapidly aging global population, family caregivers face increased burdens when caring for disabled older adults; however, comprehensive understanding of the determinants remains limited. Objective: To systematically analyze the factors affecting caregiver burden among family caregivers of disabled older adults within the stress process model framework. Methods: In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, six electronic databases were searched up to September 2024. The methodological quality was assessed via the JBI critical appraisal tool. Twenty‐eight studies meeting the inclusion criteria were analyzed. Results: Analysis of 28 studies revealed that caregiver burden results from a complex stress process involving distinct patterns of stressors and moderators. Primary stressors included care recipients’ functional limitations in activities of daily living (ADLs), behavioral problems, and cognitive impairments, with functional dependency and behavioral problems showing consistent positive correlations with burden. The secondary stressors included caregivers’ psychological factors (depression and anxiety) and socioeconomic circumstances, with caregiving time, depressive symptoms, and financial difficulties demonstrating strong positive associations with burden. Conversely, caregiver health status and cohabitation were negatively correlated with burden. Moderating factors—particularly social support, service utilization, and psychological resources such as resilience and coping strategies—consistently demonstrated significant protective effects against caregiver burden. Conclusion: The stress process model effectively frames the multifaceted nature of caregiver burden, highlighting the interaction between primary and secondary stressors. Future interventions should adopt a dual‐focus approach, addressing both primary care‐related stressors and secondary psychosocial factors while strengthening moderating resources to enhance caregivers’ quality of life.

Online learning has become a practical method in the teaching and learning process, especially during the unprecedented Covid-19 pandemic. Additionally, this situation has forced students to adapt to the new norms of the virtual learning environment. This study intends to validate the instrument used to measure the students’ adaptability to online learning (SOLE). A total of 316 students were selected using purposive sampling from several universities in Malaysia. The validity and reliability of SOLE were both evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. As a result of the findings, the instruments remained at 35 items across four constructs, namely physical, spiritual, and emotional as well as the students’ values. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the scales is above 0.85. The results reveal that overall student adaptability is at a high level across all constructs. It was also observed that there is a significant relation between emotional constructs and SOLE (t=4.726, p<0.000), physical constructs and SOLE (t=6.899, p<0.000), as well as between spiritual constructs and SOLE (t=9.461, p<0.000). Based on this finding, the SOLE instrument has proven to be a suitable instrument measurement to assist students in the context of adjusting to an online learning condition, even though further research is necessary to be carried out on a more diverse population.