Suitable fermentation substrates and fermentation modes can effectively improve the fermentation ethanol yield. In this study, we optimised the hydrothermal pretreatment conditions by orthogonal optimisation using waste tissue paper as substrate. These conditions consisted of 50 min duration in a high-pressure reactor with pure water as solvent at a temperature of 160 °C. The biomass to water ratio was maintained at a constant level. The cellulose content of the pretreated TP was 81.19 ± 4.06%, which was an increase of 21.59% compared to the blank control. The 72 h reducing sugar yield of pretreated TP was 0.61 g sugar/g paper, which was 38.64% higher than that of untreated TP. Subsequently, the pretreated TP was fermented under optimal conditions. The mixed group of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida shehatae (SC) showed a distributed saccharification fermentation pattern, with an ethanol yield of 28.11 g/L in 72 h. On the other hand, the single Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S) exhibited a homobloc saccharification fermentation pattern, with an ethanol yield of 35.15 g/L in 72 h.

Developing a pleasant and supportive emotional bond with teachers might help students feel more at home at school. However, research on the relationship between positive teacher–student relationships and students’ feelings of belonging in university settings is scarce. Using data from 426 student surveys, this study estimated the moderated mediation model which is generated based on attachment theory and reciprocity theory. As a result, teacher–student reciprocity increases students’ sense of belonging to the university, and teacher–student attachment moderates this effect. The effects of teacher-student reciprocity and teacher-student attachment on students’ sense of belonging to the institution are positively moderated by social group attachment. This work contributes to the study of the sense of belonging by expanding on the applications of attachment theory and reciprocity theory. This research has a practical application.

Numerous empirical studies have extensively explored the impact of respect for supervisors on employees’ sense of belonging and trust, confirming its positive effects on these outcomes. Nevertheless, scarce attention has been given to what factors connected the respect for supervisors and employees’ sense of belonging and trust. To fill this gap, and under the perspective of leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, this study proposes organizational fairness as the mediating factor that connects the effects that respect for leaders promotes employees’ development of a sense of belonging and trust. Data collected from 277 employees of small to medium technology enterprises were analyzed using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), revealing several key findings. Respect for supervisors positively affects both belonging and trust. Additionally, the mediating role of various types of justice was confirmed. Procedural justice mediated the relationship between respect and belonging, as well as between respect and trust. Distributive justice demonstrated similar mediation effects between respect and both belonging and trust. Interpersonal and informational justice also mediated these relationships. These findings underscore the critical role of justice perceptions in fostering employees’ feelings of belonging and trust within the workplace. This study provides theoretical implications for organizational fairness and LMX theory, as well as practical implications for leadership and organizational management.

With the continuous improvement of China's urban construction level, the service trade method of TRADITIONAL Chinese medicine is gradually popularized. Therefore, targeted quantitative design should be carried out in combination with the actual requirements of production to ensure that the designed TRADE in TCM services can meet the actual production requirements. In this paper, the characteristics of ontology design of regional informatization are described in depth. On this basis, the overall design of traditional Chinese medicine service trade system of regional informatization and the optimization design of regional informatization have certain reference significance for technical personnel engaged in related work.