This paper delves into the feasibility of implementing Cradle to Cradle (C2C) principles in conceptual product design to achieve sustainability objectives. By developing two concept products and conducting a series of qualitative and quantitative experiments, this research demonstrates the potential of the C2C approach as a crucial guide in the design process and emphasizes its significance in creating environmentally and socially responsible products. Nevertheless, this study also highlights the challenges and limitations associated with the practical application of C2C theory and the attainment of optimal product performance. These findings underline the importance of integrating C2C principles into conceptual product design and call for further research to address the limitations of the theory and optimize its application in sustainable design. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on sustainable design and provides valuable insights into the potential benefits and challenges of adopting the C2C approach in conceptual product design.

This study addresses the challenges faced by individuals with upper limb disadvantages in operating power wheelchair joysticks by utilizing the extended Function–Behavior–Structure (FBS) model to identify design requirements for an alternative wheelchair control system. A gaze-controlled wheelchair system is proposed based on design requirements from the extended FBS model and prioritized using the MosCow method. This innovative system relies on the user’s natural gaze and comprises three levels: perception, decision making, and execution. The perception layer senses and acquires information from the environment, including user eye movements and driving context. The decision-making layer processes this information to determine the user’s intended direction, while the execution layer controls the wheelchair’s movement accordingly. The system’s effectiveness was validated through indoor field testing, with an average driving drift of less than 20 cm for participates. Additionally, the user experience scale revealed overall positive user experiences and perceptions of the system’s usability, ease of use, and satisfaction.