Dr. Zabih-Allah Torabi is an Assistant Professor and a faculty member in the Department of Geography and Rural Planning at the Tarbiat Modares University, Iran. He earned his PhD from the University of Tehran in 2018 with a thesis titled Designing Pro-Poor Ecotourism Model in Rural Areas, which won the university's Best Thesis award in 2019. In 2021, he completed a postdoctoral course at the University of Tehran on developing smart tourism technologies in rural areas. Using an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach, his research interests focus on Tourism and Rural Development, Tourism and Poverty Alleviation in rural areas, smart Tourism Technologies (STT) in rural areas, second homes tourism, and qualitative sociological ethnographic research methods in rural tourism.