Monitoring and providing warnings for coal mine rockburst disasters is a worldwide problem. Several rockburst accidents have occurred in a 1301 belt transport chute near a 1300 fully mechanized caving mine face. To address this issue, an empirical study of the occurrence mechanism of rockbursts in the adjacent area of the fully mechanized top-coal caving face was carried out. This paper mainly addresses the following issues: (1) based on microseismic monitoring technology, the distribution characteristics of the host-rock-supported pressure of the 1300 working face were measured, and the evolution and distribution of the deep-well caving working face host-rock-supported pressure were analyzed. It is revealed that the occurrence mechanism of rockburst in the adjacent area is actually caused by the evolution and superposition of the lateral abutment pressure of the 1300 stope, and the stress of the original rock along the 1301 belt transport down chute; (2) a theoretical calculation model of dynamic and static abutment pressure in longwall stope is built, and an example is tested. The results show that the peak position of lateral abutment pressure of the coal body outside the 1300 goaf is around 63 m, and the peak value of abutment pressure is around 47 MPa; (3) coal body stress monitoring, bolt dynamometer detection, and other means are compared and analyzed. At the same time, with the help of CT geophysical prospecting and drilling cutting measurements, it is concluded that the 1301 belt transport down chute is in the bearing pressure influence zone (superimposed zone), which further verifies the validity of microseismic analysis results and the accuracy of the above theoretical model. Based on this, the early warning system and prevention measures for rockburst based on microseismic monitoring are proposed. The engineering practice shows that the dynamic and static bearing pressure distribution and evolution law of the working face can be dynamically obtained by using microseismic technology, which provides a basis for the accurate prediction and treatment of rockbursts.

During rock failure and instability, cracks usually appear as microcracks in local areas and then expand into significant macroscopic cracks. In this study, the whole process of rock deformation and instability under uniaxial loading is investigated with standard rock specimens, and acoustic emission (AE) and digital image correlation (DIC) technology are introduced to explore the process of rock failure and instability. AE technology is used to identify the location of crack propagation caused by microcracks and large cracks, and DIC is used to measure the crack propagation at different locations. Results show that the evolution of accumulated energy is closely related to the change in stress. When the specimen approaches failure, a “y” shaped localization zone is formed, and the evolution path is consistent with the through-through path of the crack, which better reflects the propagation law of the crack in the rock. The spatial distribution of the AE location event and energy density is consistent with the evolution path of the localization zone. The deformation value of the deformation field is closely related to the initiation and evolution of the deformation localization zone. On the basis of density-based spatial clustering of applications with a noise-clustering algorithm, AE positioning events are further processed and projected into the digital image of the deformation field, and the results of clustering projection are in good agreement with the deformation localization zone. Results show that AE and DIC coupling localization techniques can effectively identify the fracture process zone and fracture mechanism of rock, providing a new technical means for further studying the mechanical properties of rock materials.

Under the background of intelligent construction of coal mines, gas extraction design is still based on manual design, which is complex, time–consuming, and error–prone, and its automation degree needs to be improved. In order to solve this problem, taking the 1302 working face of a mine in Shanxi Province as the research object, this paper carried out relevant research. Firstly, the influencing factors of gas extraction were determined, and the influence rules of different parameters on the extraction effect were studied by numerical simulation. Secondly, an intelligent optimization method of gas extraction drilling parameters based on deep mining called the PSO–LSTM model, is proposed. This model uses the PSO algorithm to optimize the parameters of the LSTM model, so as to improve the accuracy of the LSTM model results. Finally, a quantitative expression algorithm of 3D spatial information of gas extraction drilling holes based on Python is proposed, which can automatically generate 3D spatial models of bedding or through gas extraction drilling holes using optimized drilling parameters and known 3D information of coal seams. This study shows that the results obtained using the PSO–LSTM model are the same as the drilling parameters obtained using numerical simulation, which verifies the accuracy of the PSO–LSTM model. According to the optimized drilling parameters, a 3D model of gas extraction drilling is quickly generated, which greatly reduces the tedious work of drawing construction drawings for coal mine enterprises and improves the intelligence level of coal gas extraction drilling.

The inherent mineralogical alignment in stratified rock formations engenders pronounced mechanical anisotropy, presenting persistent challenges across geological, geotechnical, and petroleum engineering disciplines. While substantial progress has been made in modeling transversely isotropic media, current methodologies exhibit limitations in reconciling theoretical predictions with complex failure mechanisms. This investigation examines the anisotropic response of diverse lithologies through triaxial testing across bedding orientations (0–90°) and confinement levels (0–60 MPa), revealing a pressure-dependent attenuation of directional strength variations. Experimental evidence identifies three dominant failure modes: cross-bedding shear fracturing, bedding-parallel sliding, and hybrid mechanisms combining both, with transition thresholds governed by confinement intensity and bedding angle. Analytical comparisons demonstrate that conventional single weakness plane models produce characteristic shoulder-shaped strength curves with overpredictions, particularly in hybrid failure regimes. Conversely, the modified patchy weakness plane formulation achieves superior predictive accuracy through parametric representation of anisotropy gradation, effectively capturing strength transitions between end-member failure modes. The Pariseau criterion, though marginally less precise in absolute terms, provides critical insights into directional strength contrasts through its explicit differentiation of vertical versus parallel bedding responses. These findings advance the fundamental understanding of anisotropic rock behavior while establishing practical frameworks for optimizing stability assessments in bedded formations, particularly in high-confinement environments characteristic of deep reservoirs and engineered underground structures.

Geotechnical slope failures—often precursors to catastrophic landslides and collapses—pose significant risks to mining operations and regional socioeconomic stability. Focusing on the Jiangte Xikeng lithium open-pit mine, this study integrates field reconnaissance, laboratory testing, and multi-physics numerical modeling to elucidate the mechanisms governing slope stability. Geological surveys and core analyses reveal a predominantly granite lithostratigraphy, bisected by two principal fault systems: the NE-striking F01 and the NNE-oriented F02. Advanced three-dimensional finite element simulations—accounting for gravitational loading, hydrogeological processes, dynamic blasting stresses, and extreme rainfall events—demonstrate that strain localizes at slope crests, with maximum displacements reaching 195.7 mm under blasting conditions. They indicate that differentiated slope angles of 42° for intact granite versus 27° for fractured zones are required for optimal stability, and that the integration of fault-controlled instability criteria, a coupled hydro-mechanical-blasting interaction model, and zonal design protocols for heterogeneous rock masses provides both operational guidelines for hazard mitigation and theoretical insights into excavation-induced slope deformations in complex metallogenic environments.