Frequent M. aeruginosa outbreaks pose a major risk to public health and have a detrimental effect on aquatic ecosystems. Researchers are looking into ways to stop and control M. aeruginosa blooms, a problem that affects both the aquatic environment and human health significantly. It is important to develop proper monitoring methods to identify M. aeruginosa blooms. However, the existing control and monitoring techniques have some drawbacks that limit the field’s applicability. Therefore, we must improve current methods for effectively monitoring and controlling M. aeruginosa blooms. Mitigation strategies should be customized for particular bodies of water utilizing techniques that are fast, economical, and field-applicable. This review critically identifies and evaluates green technologies, especially those focused on the presence of M. aeruginosa in freshwater, and compares and discusses problems with these green technologies. Furthermore, they were characterized and ranked according to their cost, effectiveness, and field applicability. A few suggestions for improvements were provided, along with ideas for future research projects that would take anticipated environmental changes into account.

Although multiple herbicide exposures are more prospective to occur in water, many previous studies were carried out as single herbicide exposure. To investigate the toxic effect of prometryn on cyanobacteria and water qualities, single and double prometryn exposures (at different growth phases) on Microcystis aeruginosa growth and concentrations of nutrients were compared after a 44-day experiment. Results indicated that under single exposure, maximum inhibition rates were 4.7–12.0% higher than those under double exposures. Correspondingly, the maximum Microcystis aeruginosa densities and growth rates under single exposure were 10.3–21.1% and 19.5–37.7% lower than those under double exposures (p < 0.05), respectively. These findings revealed that repeated prometryn exposures resulted in a reduction in biological effects, because the time of application and the concentration injected during the first application were both significant factors in the biological effects of prometryn. Prometryn exposure scenarios did not have a significant effect on nutrient or nutrient consumption concentrations (p > 0.05). In general, the pattern of nutrient limitation showed a shift from phosphorus to nitrogen limitation. The quantified relationships between Microcystis aeruginosa growth rates and consumed nutrients were studied. Based on the above findings, we believe that a high-dose and single prometryn exposure is a more effective exposure pattern for limiting cyanobacteria growth.