The cocrystallization of trans-[PtI2(NCN(CH2)5)2] and iodoform (CHI3) yields crystalline adduct trans-[PtI2(NCN(CH2)5)2]∙2CHI3, the structure of which was studied via single-crystal X-ray diffractometry (XRD). In the XRD structure of trans-[PtI2(NCN(CH2)5)2]∙2CHI3, apart from rather predictable C–H∙∙∙I hydrogen bonds (HBs) and C−I∙∙∙I halogen bonds (XBs) with the iodide ligands, we identified C–I∙∙∙Pt metal-involving XBs, where the platinum center functions as an XB acceptor (that includes a metal dz2-orbital) toward the σ-holes of I atoms of CHI3. DFT calculations (PBE-D3/jorge-TZP-DKH with plane waves in the GAPW method) were carried out in the CP2K program for isolated molecules, complex–iodoform clusters, and crystal models with periodic boundary conditions, where the noncovalent nature and the existence of the interactions were confirmed using charge analysis, Wiberg bond indexes, and QTAIM topology analysis of electron density, whereas the philicities of the noncovalent partners were proved using charge analysis, electron localization function, electron density deformation, and one-electron potential projections, as well as electron density/electrostatic potential profiles for cluster models and electrostatic potential surfaces (ρ = 0.001 a.u.) for isolated molecules.
The fundamental supra-atomic scale of nanometer attosecond processes in condensed matter creates a multiscale hierarchy of electromechanical interfaces through two-electron dissipation of energy of quantum nanoelectromechanical systems. The space-time scales of electromechanical interfaces are specified, beginning with the subatomic scale of electron Compton length λe, by a sequence of degrees n = 1, 2, 3,... of the fine structure constant α -n. The third scale, with n = 3, corresponds to quantum mesoelectromechanical 2D interfaces which form functional matrices of electromechanical energy stores and converters as active nucleation centers of fractal topological defects in adjacent crystal structure regions. The hierarchy of electromechanical interfaces creates a hierarchy of dissipative structures in mesomechanics of solids and biomimetics of soft materials.
The advances in new smart materials are linked with attosecond subatomic technologies which can create entangled subatomic electron pairs by attosecond hard ultraviolet and soft X rays in addition to...