The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) was one of the first domesticated trees. In 2019, the world’s fig fruit production was estimated at 1153 tons. However, fig leaves are not utilized, resulting in copious quantities of bio-waste. To identify promising fig tree varieties, hydroethanolic extracts were prepared from the leaves of five fig tree varieties (Pasteliere—PA, Longue d’Aout—LA, Dauphinie—DA, Boujassote Noire—BN, and Marseille—MA). The variety with the highest concentration of organic acids was BN (146.5 mg/g dw), while glucose, fructose, and sucrose were the predominant sugars across all varieties. All extracts present α-tocopherol as the prevalent tocopherol isoform (above 78%), while PUFA fatty acids were predominant, ranging from 53% to 71% of total fatty acids. BN showed moderate antioxidant activity (EC₅₀ 0.23 ± 0.01 mg/mL), while the DA variety presented promising cytotoxicity against the tumor AGS and MCF-7 cell line (GI₅₀ 158 ± 13 and 223 ± 21 μg/mL) and especially in the inhibition of Nitric Oxide Production evaluation (IC₅₀ 20 ± 5 μg/mL). The DA activities are probably related to high concentrations of flavonoids, specifically the predominant apigenin-C-hexoside-C-pentoside and quercetin-O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside. Finally, the BN and DA varieties showed good antimicrobial activity, especially against Yersinia enterocolitica. Fig leaves can be considered sustainable sources of industrially valuable bioactive molecules, and several potential applications were highlighted.

The overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is often directly related to multidrug resistance (MDR), one of the greatest challenges in cancer treatment. This transmembrane efflux pump decreases the intracellular concentrations of chemotherapy drugs, reducing their effectiveness and resulting in treatment failure. This work used in silico methods to assess the potential of bioactive chemicals produced from mushrooms as P-gp modulators. A database comprising 211 bioactive compounds from mushrooms was investigated using molecular docking and virtual screening techniques against the P-gp structure. The compounds ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one, lucidumol A, (22E,24S)-ergosta-4,22-dien-3-one, antcin K, 3,11-dioxolanosta-8,24(Z)-diene-26-oic acid, and (22E)-19-norergosta-5,7,9,22-tetraen-3$\beta$-ol were identified as the six best candidates from our database of mushroom compounds based on their binding affinities, toxicity predictions, and pharmacological properties assessed through ADME analyses (absorption, distributions, metabolism, and excretion). These six compounds exhibited strong binding affinities, with binding energies ranging from −12.31 kcal/mol to −10.93 kcal/mol, all showing higher affinities than the control, tariquidar, which had a binding energy of −10.78 kcal/mol. Toxicity predictions indicated favorable safety profiles for all six, while ADME analyses found that all six compounds had high oral bioavailability and a low probability of acting as P-gp substrates. These results position bioactive mushroom compounds, particularly these six, as promising P-gp modulators, suggesting positive outcomes in cancer treatment.

Wound healing involves the coordinated regulation of inflammation, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling, processes modulated by natural bioactives. In this context, Chelidonium majus L. (C. majus), a plant rich in alkaloids and flavonoids, remains mechanistically underexplored. This study, therefore, investigates its metabolites using an integrated computational–experimental approach and evaluates their applicability in sericin-based wound-healing systems. A curated database of 83 C. majus bioactive compounds was analyzed using cheminformatics and molecular docking against key wound-healing targets (iNOS, VEGF, MMP-3, and tyrosinase), followed by ADMET and toxicity prediction (StopTox). Selected plant–sericin formulations were subsequently evaluated for wound-healing activity using an in vitro fibroblast scratch assay. Docking revealed strong binding affinities for several metabolites, particularly protopine, kaempferol-3-rutinoside, cynaroside, hesperidin, quercetin-3-rhamnosylrutinoside, and vitexin, indicating multi-target modulation across inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling phases of tissue repair. ADMET and toxicity analyses predicted favorable dermal safety and pharmacokinetic profiles for most compounds. Consistently, in vitro assays demonstrated that C. majus–sericin systems had fibroblast migration and wound closure in a concentration- and ratio-dependent manner, with improved healing kinetics observed at 150 µg/mL and for formulations containing higher relative proportions of both components. The experimental outcomes supported the pro-angiogenic and matrix-stabilizing mechanisms predicted in silico. Overall, C. majus metabolites exhibit polypharmacological wound-healing activity, supporting their integration into sericin-based systems as a promising strategy for topical therapies.

Leishmaniasis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania spp. and transmitted by sandflies, affects 2 million people worldwide yearly and is recognized as a global problem by the WHO. Current treatments, including amphotericin B, Pentamidine, and Glucantime, show limited efficacy and serious side effects. Trypanothione reductase is a promising protein target for developing new promising drugs against Leishmaniasis. This study explores Schiff base compounds as potential alternatives to current treatments by inhibiting trypanothione reductase. Thirty-nine structures from the PubChem database were selected and analyzed using AutoDock Vina 1.1, an in silico molecular docking tool. Promising Schiff base candidates, indicated as compound 21 (3-Quinolinamine, N-(2-quinolinylmethylene)-, compound 24 (1,3-Bis[(E)-(2-Amino-4-Ethyl-5-Hydroxy-Phenyl)Methyleneamino]Urea, and compound 39 (Naphtaldehyde disulfide Schiff base), exhibited significant inhibitory binding affinity against trypanothione reductase, outperforming commercial inhibitors. Therefore, the present study proposes alternative Schiff base compounds for treating Leishmaniasis.