Previous studies have shown mouse antigenotoxic and chemopreventive potential with the administration of Citrus paradisi juice (GJ). To evaluate another activity, the aim of the present report was to determine the beneficial effect of GJ on male mouse reproductive damage induced by cadmium chloride (CC). Seven groups of mice were intragastrically (IG) administered for 11 days. A control group was administered purified water daily, three groups were administered GJ daily (4.1, 16.6, and 33.2 µL/g), plus a single administration of CC (3 mg/kg) on the fifth day of the assay, another group was treated daily with 33.2 µL/g GJ, and a positive control group was treated with 3 mg/kg of CC on day 5 of the experiment. The results with the high GJ dose on the CC-treated mice showed a mean reduction of 88% in sperm quality endpoints (viability, motility, malformations) and a 94% sperm concentration increase. With the same dose, we also determined an 81% reduction in the DNA breaking potential and in the number of micronuclei in the spermatids. We also found an 87% decrease in lipoperoxidation and a 68% decrease in protein oxidation with respect to the CC damage, and a strong DPPH scavenging ability. Our results suggest the potential involvement of the GJ antioxidant in the observed effect.

Colorectal cancer is a type of disease that arises from alterations in the genome, making it challenging to diagnose at an early stage. The difficulty in early detection can com­plicate treatment and lower survival rates. These genomic alterations result in mutations in critical genes, including adenomatous polyposis coli (APC). Some of these mutations, including APC 1306, have been identified as potential biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. Genosensors offer a promising alternative to these detection methods; however, it is essential to optimize their characteristics, including sensitivity, stability, and reaction conditions, prior to use. In this study, an electrochemical genosensor was deve­loped to detect a specific mutation using voltammetric techniques. The limit of detec­tion was 8.56 pM for cyclic voltammetry and 29.76 pM for differential pulse voltam­metry. The optimal incubation and hybridi­zation temperature were determined to be 55 °C. The geno­sensor remained stable for 14 days, after which its performance gradually declined. The tested electrochemical detection methods demonstrate excellent performance for this type of genosensor, particularly in the presence of doxorubicin. This approach can also be utilized to identify various genetic alterations associated with other chronic degenerative diseases.