Background: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, particularly in patients presenting with distant metastasis (DM). This study aimed to assess the effect of combination treatment strategies on survival in ATC patients with DM. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to identify primary ATC cases with DM at diagnosis. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for survival. Results: Of the 315 ATC patients with DM included in the study, surgery to the primary tumor, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and lung metastasis were identified as independent risk factors for survival. Patients who received primary tumor surgery plus chemotherapy or surgery plus chemoradiation exhibited a superior outcome compared to those who received only one treatment modality. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that a combination treatment approach, particularly surgery combined with radiotherapy or surgery combined with chemoradiotherapy, may provide the most optimal treatment option for ATC patients with DM. These results may provide some evidence for clinical decision making, but larger sample cohorts are still needed for validation.

Background: Glottic squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC) is the most prevalent type of laryngeal carcinoma. The value of prophylactic lymph node dissection (LND) in resected GSCC remains controversial. This study aims to quantitatively assess the probability of occult lymph node metastasis (LNM) for GSCC patients and devise individualized postoperative radiotherapy strategies.Methods: A total of 1319 patients with GSCC were retrospectively analyzed.Results: GSCC patients with T1‐T2 stages showed significantly lower LNM rate than those with T3‐T4 stages. For patients with T3‐T4 GSCC, multivariate logistic analyses indicated that three factors—maximum tumor diameter (MTD) of more than 2.0 cm, relatively low differentiation, and tumor invasive depth of no less than 1.0 cm—were independent risk factors for the existence of LNM. A predictive nomogram was established based on these factors. The accuracy and validity of our model were verified by 0.716 and remained at 0.717 after 1000 bootstrapping. The calibration curve was also plotted and showed a favorable agreement. The patients were stratified into two groups based on their individual LNM risk points. Possible LNM rates for low‐risk and high‐risk subgroups were 4.7% and 25.2%, respectively.Conclusions: A new post‐operative strategy selection flow chart was established based on our newly created nomogram which can effectively predict the individualized possibility of occult LNM for GSCC patients. For clinical T3‐4N0 patients in the high‐risk subgroup, prophylactic dose post‐operative radiation therapy is recommended. However, for all those clinically diagnosed as T1‐2N0 stage, regular follow‐up is sufficient in view of the low occult LNM rate.Level of Evidence: 2a