Confined aquifers widely exist in the strata of the Ordos mining area. Water drainage before mining is an effective measure to avoid water inrush disasters caused by the connectivity between mining-induced roof fractures and aquifers. However, rock burst disasters occur frequently in the mining process of many water drainage working faces. The statistics show that the surrounding rock of nine water drainage working faces in five mines has suffered different degrees of rock burst, which seriously restricts the safe, efficient production and sustainable development of ten-million-ton modern mines in China. Based on this, taking the 22,106 longwall working face (LW22106) of the Shilawusu Mine, Ordos, as the engineering background, this paper investigates the occurrence mechanism of water drainage on rock burst in the roof water-rich area by using theoretical analysis, similar material simulation, microseismic measurement and other methods. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) After the drainage of the water-rich area, the pressure relief zone, pressurized zone and pressure stabilization zone are formed in sequence from the center to both sides. The width of the pressure relief zone is consistent with that of the water-rich area, and the width of the pressurized zone is about 35 m on one side. (2) When the mining is passing the pressurized zone, the coal rock mass is under the joint influence of gravity stress, mining disturbance stress and drainage transfer stress. The superimposed stress generally exceeds 2.5 times the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of the coal rock mass, and the maximum reaches 3.24 times, far exceeding the critical value of rock burst (1.5 times UCS), which is the main reason to induce rock burst. (3) The dynamic change in the rock burst risk areas before and after drainage in water-rich area no. 4 has been predicted, and the number of risk areas increases from 4 before drainage to 13 after drainage. Since the stress superposition effect differs due to different mining speeds, it is proposed that the dynamic regulation of mining speed in the front and at the back of the drainage area is an effective and efficient method for rock burst prevention and control. The research results will provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the prevention and control in the roof water-rich area of deep mines.

Mining coal seams with shallow, thick, and hard roofs often results in extensive roof suspension. This issue poses significant challenges regarding stratum control and mitigation of strong mining pressure, especially within the confined working space of a mining face. This study focuses on the 13101 working face of Shengfu Coal Mine. Through field observations, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulations, the characteristics of support resistance and microseismic activity were investigated. This research elucidates the mechanism behind the strong mining pressure driven by the structural coupling and synergistic breakage of two key strata, highlighting how their interaction dictates weighting intensity. A small-aperture hydraulic fracturing technology, specifically designed for inter-support spaces, was developed. The results indicate that the working face exhibits alternating “minor weighting” and “major weighting” events. Minor weighting occurs at an average interval of 12.38 m with a dynamic load factor of 1.14, while major weighting occurs at 41.07 m with a factor of 1.56. The roof structure was found to form a combination of an “inclined stepped rock beam” and a “voussoir beam.” Field applications demonstrate that the proposed technology reduces the major weighting interval by 41.46% and total microseismic energy release by 35.01%. This study provides a theoretical and technical basis for preventing roof disasters under similar geological conditions.