Oil and gas are only two industries that could change because of nanotechnology, a rapidly growing field. The chemical-enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) method uses chemicals to accelerate oil flow from reservoirs. New and enhanced CEOR compounds that are more efficient and eco-friendly can be created using nanotechnology. One of the main research areas is creating novel nanomaterials that can transfer EOR chemicals to the reservoir more effectively. It was creating nanoparticles that can be used to change the viscosity and surface tension of reservoir fluids and constructing nanoparticles that can be utilized to improve the efficiency of the EOR compounds that are already in use. The assessment also identifies some difficulties that must be overcome before nanotechnology-based EOR can become widely used in industry. These difficulties include the requirement for creating mass-producible, cost-effective nanomaterials. There is a need to create strategies for supplying nanomaterials to the reservoir without endangering the formation of the reservoir. The requirement is to evaluate the environmental effects of CEOR compounds based on nanotechnology. The advantages of nanotechnology-based EOR are substantial despite the difficulties. Nanotechnology could make oil production more effective, profitable, and less environmentally harmful. An extensive overview of the most current advancements in nanotechnology-based EOR is provided in this paper. It is a useful resource for researchers and business people interested in this area. This review's analysis of current advancements in nanotechnology-based EOR shows that this area is attracting more and more attention. There have been a lot more publications on this subject in recent years, and a lot of research is being done on many facets of nanotechnology-based EOR. The scientometric investigation discovered serious inadequacies in earlier studies on adopting EOR and its potential benefits for a sustainable future. Research partnerships, joint ventures, and cutting-edge technology that consider assessing current changes and advances in oil output can all benefit from the results of our scientometric analysis.

Barium sulfate (BaSO₄) scale formation in oilfield operations is a significant problem that leads to severe operational challenges, including reduced production efficiency and increased maintenance costs. Understanding the factors that influence BaSO₄ scale formation, such as injection rate and temperature, is crucial for developing effective mitigation strategies. In this study, we systematically investigated the effects of injection rate and temperature on BaSO₄ scale formation using a series of controlled laboratory experiments. The injection rates varied between 1 and 5 mL/min and temperatures between 25 and 75 °C, simulating realistic field conditions. Our findings indicate that higher injection rates and elevated temperatures significantly increase the amount of BaSO₄ scale formed. Specifically, the scale formation increased from 15.2 mg/L at 1 mL/min and 25 °C to 22.3 mg/L at 5 mL/min and the same temperature. Similarly, at a constant injection rate of 3 mL/min, the scale formation increased from 18.1 mg/L at 25 °C to 26.5 mg/L at 75 °C. The study employed Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to analyze the crystal morphology and structure of the formed scales. SEM images revealed a transition from dendritic structures at lower temperatures and slower injection rates to spherical crystals at higher temperatures and faster injection rates. XRD patterns indicated variations in crystallinity and phase purity corresponding to the experimental conditions. Our results align with previous studies that report increased nucleation rates and reduced solubility of BaSO₄ at higher temperatures and injection rates. These findings highlight the critical role of controlling operational parameters to mitigate scale formation in oil and gas operations. By optimizing injection rates and temperatures, it is possible to reduce scale deposition, thereby improving production efficiency and reducing maintenance costs. This study provides valuable insights for the development of scale management strategies and underscores the importance of a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical factors affecting BaSO₄ scale formation.

Background: Derivatives of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxylate are promising multi-target scaffolds. This study focused on synthesizing 16 amino-functionalized derivatives and evaluating their dual anticancer and antibacterial activities, supported by mechanistic and computational analyses. Objectives: Design and synthesize derivatives, evaluate cytotoxicity against HeLa, HepG-2, and MCF-7 (selectivity against WI-38), investigate EGFR^WT and EGFR^T790M inhibition, assess cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration effects, antibacterial efficacy against E. coli and P. aeruginosa, and perform in silico ADMET, docking, molecular dynamics, DFT, and antiviral predictions. Methods: Synthesized 16 derivatives; tested for cytotoxicity, EGFR inhibition, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration; assessed antibacterial activity; performed ADMET profiling, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT calculations. Results: Derivatives 1, 2, and 7 showed highest cytotoxicity (IC₅₀ = 3.98–17.52 μM; WI-38 IC₅₀ = 64.07–81.65 μM). Compound 1 potently inhibited EGFRWT (IC₅₀ = 0.093 μM) and EGFRT790M (IC₅₀ = 0.174 μM), induced G0/G1 arrest (74.86%) and apoptosis (26.37%), and reduced MCF-7 migration (69.63%). Moderate antibacterial activity observed (MIC = 50 μg/mL). ADMET indicated favorable pharmacokinetics, low CYP inhibition, negative mutagenicity, and oral toxicity class III. Molecular dynamics confirmed stable binding (EGFRWT RMSD 3 Å; EGFRT790M 3.5–4.6 Å) with persistent hydrogen bonds. In silico antiviral evaluation suggested strong binding to HCV NS5A (–9.36 kcal/mol), SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (–9.82 kcal/mol), and E.coli DNA gyrase (–10.25 kcal/mol). Conclusions: Compound 1 exhibits dual anticancer and antibacterial activity, supported by mechanistic and computational analyses, highlighting pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines as promising multi-target therapeutic scaffolds.

Natural products such as domestic herbal drugs which are easily accessible and cost-effective can be used as a complementary treatment in mild and moderate COVID-19 cases. This study aimed to detect and describe the efficiency of phenolics detected in the galangal–cinnamon mixture in the inhibition of SARS-CoV-2’s different protein targets. The potential antiviral effect of galangal–cinnamon aqueous extract (GCAE) against Low Pathogenic HCoV-229E was assessed using cytopathic effect inhibition assay and the crystal violet method. Low Pathogenic HCoV-229E was used as it is safer for in vitro laboratory experimentation and due to the conformation and the binding pockets similarity between HCoV-229E and SARS-CoV-2 M^Pro. The GCAE showed a significant antiviral effect against HCoV-229E (IC₅₀ 15.083 µg/mL). Twelve phenolic compounds were detected in the extract with ellagic, cinnamic, and gallic acids being the major identified phenolic acids, while rutin was the major identified flavonoid glycoside. Quantum-chemical calculations were made to find molecular properties using the DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311++G(2d,2p) basis set. Quantum-chemical values such as EHOMO, ELUMO, energy gap, ionization potential, chemical hardness, softness, and electronegativity values were calculated and discussed. Phenolic compounds detected by HPLC-DAD-UV in the GCAE were docked into the active site of 3 HCoV-229E targets (PDB IDs. 2ZU2, 6U7G, 7VN9, and 6WTT) to find the potential inhibitors that block the Coronavirus infection pathways from quantum and docking data for these compounds. There are good adaptations between the theoretical and experimental results showing that rutin has the highest activity against Low Pathogenic HCoV-229E in the GCAE extract.

In response to recent advances in computer-aided drug discovery (CADD) enabled by high-performance computing, computational approaches were employed to support and rationalize the investigation of a VEGFR-2-targeted anticancer candidate, combining molecular-level modeling with experimental validation. Initial in silico ADMET profiling and molecular docking were conducted to support the evaluation of drug-like properties and target engagement within a series of para-toluidine-based derivatives (1–14). The most biologically active compound was further evaluated through 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations and comprehensive DFT calculations to investigate binding stability and electronic characteristics. Based on a rational design strategy and supported by computational analyses, the compounds were synthesized and fully characterized using IR, MS, ¹H/¹³C NMR, and elemental analysis. Biological evaluation was performed against HepG-2, MCF-7, HCT-116, and normal WI-38 cells. Mechanistic studies included VEGFR-2 inhibition, wound-healing migration assays, cell-cycle distribution analysis, apoptosis assessment, and caspase-3 activation. Several derivatives exhibited micromolar cytotoxic activity, with compound 14 emerging as the most active against HepG-2 cells (IC₅₀ = 7.84 ± 0.5 µM), showing cytotoxic activity comparable to that of sorafenib (IC₅₀ = 9.18 ± 0.6 µM) and demonstrating favorable selectivity toward normal WI-38 cells (IC₅₀ = 67.75 ± 3.6 µM). Compound 14 showed moderate VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 0.55 µM), significant suppression of cell migration, pronounced G₀/G₁ cell-cycle arrest, and robust apoptosis induction supported by caspase-3 activation. Molecular docking and MD simulations supported a stable binding mode within the VEGFR-2 active site. This integrated framework highlights compound 14 as a selectively active VEGFR-2-oriented anticancer candidate scaffold with a favorable selectivity profile, supported by experimental and computational analyses, warranting further lead optimization.