Drought is one of the leading abiotic factors limiting morphological and physiological activities in blackberry cultivation. In this study, the effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on some morphological and biochemical processes in boysenberry (Rubus ursinus Chamisso and Schlenhtendal) under drought stress were investigated. The experiment was performed with three drought stress levels simulated with Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) (0, 4, 8%) and three AgNP treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2 mg L⁻¹) in vitro conditions. Drought stress reduced root and shoot development of boysenberry plants grown in vitro. The addition of AgNPs significantly alleviated the adverse effect of drought stress and increased the plant growth parameters. Antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes increased in boysenberry leaves when treated with AgNPs under drought conditions, while the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) decreased. As a result of the study, 0.1 mg L⁻¹ AgNPs is recommended as the most effective dose to promote the growth and development of in vitro boysenberry plants under drought stress.

The aim of the study is to determine the effectiveness of nano-silicon dioxide (NaSiO₂) application on the tolerance of strawberry plants exposed to drought stress under in vitro conditions. Drought stress was induced with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000). In the experiment, the effects of PEG 6000 concentrations (0, 4, 8%) and NaSiO₂ concentrations (0, 50, 100 mg L⁻¹) on in vitro strawberry plants were determined. Plants treated with PEG 6000 showed reduced vegetative growth parameters, but this decrease was reduced with NaSiO₂ application. The addition of NaSiO₂ enhanced shoot and leaf growth, SPAD index, and the leaf relative water content (LRWC) of in vitro strawberry plants. NaSiO₂ at 50 mg L⁻¹ induced the maximum shoot and root fresh weight (1.20 g, 1.24 g, respectively) and length (40.09 mm, 34.26 mm, respectively), leaves number (16.67 pieces/plant) and SPAD index 53.57 among 4% and 8% PEG applications. When the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were examined, the results showed that the application of NaSiO₂ enhanced drought stress tolerance by promoting certain antioxidant responses by increasing SOD and CAT activities under drought stress. Our results suggest that the application of NaSiO₂ can help maintain the devastating impact of drought stress and markedly enhance all the examined parameters in the Albion strawberry cultivar under in vitro conditions.

People often consume organic foods because they believe they are healthier and tastier foods. Agricultural products consumed by humans may contain harmful components such as chemical residues and heavy metals. The aim of this study is to compare the fruit quality parameters and heavy metal contents of strawberries grown in organic and conventional agriculture. Fruit, soil and water samples were taken from 10 organic and 10 conventional strawberry farms in the Hüyük district, located in the Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, in 2019–2020. The fruit quality parameters of the obtained fruit samples were examined and it was determined whether there were significant differences in fruit, soil and water contents in terms of Zn, Cu, Pb and Cd. According to the study findings, fruit quality parameters were found to be higher in organic strawberries. Additionally, it was determined that there was Zn and Cu accumulation in both organic and conventional strawberry fruits, but the heavy metal accumulation did not exceed the acceptable limit. According to these results, it can be said that the products grown in the region where organic strawberry cultivation is intense do not show pollution in terms of heavy metals.

Farklı Organik Gübrelerin Tarla ve Örtüaltı Koşullarında Yetiştirilen Karnabaharın Bitki Gelişimi ve Verim Parametreleri Üzerine Etkisi

Salinity is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that affect plant growth and limit agricultural productivity. In this study, the effects of iron (FeNP), silver (AgNP), and silicon dioxide (SiNP) nanoparticles on the morphological and physiological parameters of in vitro boysenberry plants grown under salinity stress (NaCl) were investigated. According to our study results, higher values were obtained from SiNP application in terms of shoot development parameters; FeNP application was found to be more successful for root development; AgNP application was effective in terms of SPAD, leaf relative water content (LRWC), and relative growth rate (RGR); and FeNP application increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities. Salt stress significantly affected root development, SPAD values, LRWC and RGR, and SOD and CAT enzyme activities. As a result, under salt stress conditions, SiNP, FeNP, and AgNP applications can significantly reduce the negative effects of stress and promote the vegetative development of the plant compared to control conditions.

Drought is one of the leading abiotic factors limiting morphological and physiological activities in blackberry cultivation. We investigated the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on morphological and physiological processes in the boysenberry crop (Rubus ursinus Chamisso & Schlenhtendal) under drought stress. The experiment was performed with three drought stress levels (0% PEG, 4% PEG and 8% PEG) and three AgNPs treatments (0, 0.1, 0.2 mg L−1) invitro conditions. The results showed that drought stress induced by PEG, reduced root and shoot development of boysenberry plants grown invitro. The addition of AgNPs is significantly alleviated the adverse effect of drought stress and increased the plant growth parameters. Antioxidant activity of SOD and CAT enzymes increased in boysenberry leaves when treated with AgNPs under drought conditions, while the amount of MDA decreased. Therefore, the results obtained in this study suggest that 0.1 mg L-1 AgNPs added to the medium improve the growth and development of invitro boysenberry plants under drought stress.