Background: Orthodontic treatment may result in undesirable side effects, such as root resorption and a decrease in the size of the pulp tissue which could be associated with the duration of the orthodontic treatment. Piezocision-assisted tooth movement was introduced as a minimally invasive surgical procedure to shorten orthodontic treatment time. This prospective randomized clinical trial was aimed to compare the pulp volume changes of maxillary anterior teeth after en-masse retraction with or without piezocision-assisted orthodontics. Methods: Patients who required orthodontic treatment with bilateral maxillary first premolar extractions and en-masse retraction were recruited. Patients were randomly divided into extraction with piezocision, or only extraction, serving as controls. Pulp volume and root length changes of the maxillary six anterior teeth were measured and compared between the two groups using a 3-Dimensional analytical software. Paired and independent sample t-tests were used to compare within and between groups. Bivariate correlation was done between the mean change in pulp volume and its corresponding root length. The significance level was set at α = 0.05. Results: A total of 23 patients were included, 12 in the piezocision, and 11 in the control group. At the end of the en-masse retraction phase, (mean = 122.74 ± 3.06 days) pulp volume was significantly decreased in all six anterior teeth in both groups (P < 0.01). The decrease in pulp volume was not statistically different between both groups, (P > 0.05). There was a statistically significant but moderate correlation only between the pulp volume change of the right canine and its root length, r = 0.44, P = 0.034. Conclusions: The effect of piezocision-assisted orthodontic tooth movement on the pulp volume was comparable to the conventional orthodontic treatment. The degree of change in pulp volume does not appear to be related to the amount of root resorption. Trial registration NCT03180151. Registered December 25, 2016, retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03180151.

The objective was to evaluate the accuracy of ClinCheck^® reliability in the sagittal, vertical, transverse, and arch length dimensions before and after Invisalign^® (Align Technology, Santa Clara, CA, USA) treatment. This retrospective study was conducted on 206 patients who underwent dual-arch clear aligner therapy exclusively with Invisalign^®. Digital models were obtained from iTero^® scanners from three different private practices where the treatment plans were performed and executed by multiple orthodontists with varying degrees of experience. The ClinCheck^® models of the initial, achieved, and predicted outcome were obtained from Align Technology^® and the values were compared using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05) to determine if predicted values were correlated with achieved values. ANOVA was used to compare the different centers. The highest reliabilities were associated with interincisal angle (96.23%), upper intercanine width (97.97%), lower intercanine width (97.67%), upper intermolar width (97.58%), and lower intermolar width (97.72%) (p < 0.001). The lowest reliabilities were associated with arch length parameters in which the upper was 38.79% and the lower at 30.02% (p = 0.03, p < 0.001). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the centers in terms of the accuracy of treatment provided. The mean predicted accuracy of Invisalign^® was 76.85% overall; however, Invisalign^® providers may need to exaggerate the digital tooth movements to achieve the desired outcome.

Perception and Attitude of Dental Students and Interns Regarding the Diagnosis and Management of Oral Mucosal Lesions and Salivary Glands Hypofunction