In order to quantitatively analyze the data measurement accuracy of ocean buoys under normal and extreme sea conditions, in this study, we simulated the six-degree-of-freedom motion response of self-designed ocean buoys under different sea conditions based on a separated vortex simulation and the fluid volume method and analyzed the impact of the unsteady motion of buoys on data measurement. The results indicate that under normal sea conditions, the deviation between the numerical method used in this paper and the experimental results is less than 10%. The heaving motion of a buoy is most sensitive to changes in wave conditions. The fluctuation intensity of buoy motion is modulated by the height and wavelength of waves. When the wave height and wavelength are similar to the overall geometric size of a buoy, the wave characteristics of the buoy’s heave, yaw, and pitch motion are significant. In addition, under extreme sea conditions, the movement of the buoy can also cause a deviation in the measured velocity in the transverse flow direction, but the overall deviation is less than 10%. In extreme sea conditions, the wind speed measurement results should be corrected to improve the measurement accuracy of a buoy.

Shipboard meteorological instruments are onboard instruments used to monitor real-time meteorological elements, such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind speed, and direction, in the navigation environment. It is crucial for ensuring maritime navigation safety, improving ship meteorological navigation capabilities, and supporting marine climate research. Currently, miniaturization and portability are the primary requirements for ship meteorological instruments in ocean monitoring. This article proposes an integrated portable small ship meteorological instrument solution: temperature, humidity, pressure, wind speed, and wind direction are synchronously measured through a multi module sensor group, and combined with attitude sensors, electronic compasses, and GPS modules to obtain ship spatial attitude angle, speed, and heading data, respectively; Then, the wind field measurement error is corrected by synthesizing the real wind vector and the rotation matrix attitude compensation algorithm. The experiment shows that the temperature, humidity, and pressure measurements of this scheme are stable and in line with the actual environment. The actual wind measurement error (wind speed ≤ 0.7 m/s, wind direction ≤ 20.5°) can meet the requirements of small ship maritime meteorological monitoring.