In Cameroon, malaria is still the cause of several deaths yearly and leading to the continued search for new potent leads to fight against Plasmodium falciparum. Medicinal plants like Hypericum lanceolatum Lam. are introduced in local preparations for the treatment of affected people. The bioassay‐guided fractionation of the crude extract of the twigs and stem bark of H. lanceolatum Lam. led to the identification of the dichloromethane‐soluble fraction as the most active (with 32.6% of the parasite P. falciparum 3D7 survival) which was further purified by successive column chromatography to obtain four compounds identified by their spectrometric data as two xanthones 1,6‐dihydroxyxanthone (1) and norathyriol (2) and two triterpenes betulinic acid (3) and ursolic acid (4). In the antiplasmodial assay against P. falciparum 3D7, the triterpenoids 3 and 4 displayed the most significant potencies with IC₅₀ values of 2.8 ± 0.8 μg/mL and 11.8 ± 3.2 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, both compounds were also the most cytotoxic against P388 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 6.8 ± 2.2 μg/mL and 2.5 ± 0.6 μg/mL, respectively. Further insights on the inhibition method of the bioactive compounds and their drug‐likeness were obtained from their molecular docking and ADMET studies. The results obtained help in identifying additional antiplasmodial agents from H. lanceolatum and support its use in folk medicine for the treatment of malaria. The plant might be considered as a promising source of new antiplasmodial candidates in new drug discovery.

The phytochemical investigations of the methanol extract of Zanthoxylum gilletii bark led to the isolation of thirteen compounds identified as two alkaloids including one acridone 5-hydroxynoracronycine (1) and one benzo [c] phenanthridine decarine (2), three lignans trans- and cis-fagaramide (3 and 4) and sesamin (5), two coumarins scoparone (6) and scopoletin (7), three pentacyclic triterpenoids fridelin (8), lupeol (9) and erythrodiol-3-O-palmitate (10), one phenolic compound vanillic acid (11) as well as two common steroids stigmasterol (12), and its derivative stigmasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13). The structures of all the isolated compounds were elucidated by means of their spectroscopic and spectrometric data (1D, 2D-NMR, MS) as well as the comparison of these data with those reported in the literature. Except for compounds 9 and 1113, all the other isolated compounds are reported for the first time from Z. gilletii but have been already obtained from other Zanthoxylum species and in the Rutaceae family. Compounds 1, 35, and 9 were tested in vitro for their antiplasmodial potencies against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7, and the results revealed that all the tested compounds displayed an inhibition between 51.89 and 54.69 while only the mixture of 3+4 gave an IC₅₀ lower than 10 000nM (IC₅₀=1333nM). Furthermore, all the compounds have been evaluated in silico for their ability to inhibit the Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase 5TBO. Sesamin (5) showed the greatest affinity to the antiplasmodium receptor than artemether® and chloroquine®. Further recorded data from their ADMET study, as well as their chemotaxonomy, are also discussed herein. The present study provides further information to enrich the chemistry of Z. gilletii and its qualification as an important source for good candidates in new antiplasmodial drug development.

From the chemical investigations of the root bark of Uapaca guineensis, nine distinct compounds (19) have been isolated and characterized as lupeol, betulin, betulinic acid, β-amyryl acetate, physcion, quercetin, rutin, β-sitosterol, and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. The structures of all the isolated compounds have been established using their NMR data as well as the comparison of those data with the ones reported in the literature. Interestingly, to the best of our knowledge, except for the lupane-type triterpenoids (13) and compounds 4 and 9, all the other compounds are reported for the first time from this genus. Since the plant is widely used for the treatment of skin diseases, leishmaniasis and inflammatory diseases, the antileishmanial and anti-inflammatory potencies of all the isolated compounds have been computationally validated through their ability to inhibit the receptors 1QCC and 2XOX (for the antileishmanial studies) and 6Y3C and 1CX2 (for the anti-inflammatory studies). Furthermore, the ADMET studies of compounds have been done to evaluate their drug-likeness. Results demonstrate that all the isolated compounds showed a better affinity for both receptors binding sites than the standard drugs miltefosine and aspirin. Moreover, the compounds would not cause addiction when used as lead molecules whereas, aspirin is predicted to violate the BBB over a long term of usage as a drug. This study gives additional information on the chemistry of U. guineensis and its classification as a potential source of good leads for the development of potent antileishmanial and anti-inflammatory drugs.

Despite the rising interest in avocado leaves and seeds' health benefits, little or no research has been conducted on both their phytochemical profiles in conjunction with molecular docking investigations, particularly in relation to its antioxidant activity. Utilizing phytochemical screening, molecular docking, and ADMET predictions, this study, investigates the antioxidant properties of avocado leaves (AVL) and seeds (AVS). Results show that AVS has a high presence of flavonoids (+++), terpenoids (+++), but a low presence of phenols (+), while AVL has a high presence of tannins (+++) and phenols (++). Molecular docking studies validate two AVL (L01 and L02) and two AVS (S02 and S03) compounds based on binding affinity and interactions with 2rgu.pdb, 3mng.pdb, and 2vwi.pdb protein targets. ADMET studies indicate that AVL and AVS extracts have favourable bioavailability and health safety characteristics. Additionally, DPPH, ABTS and FRAP radical inhibition (%) results show that AVL (46.36%/DPPH, 6.67%/ABTS, 11.07%/FRAP) has lesser antioxidant activity than AVS (70.97%/DPPH, 47.35%/ABTS, 3.66%/FRAP).