Plant-derived compounds, specifically antioxidants, have played an important role in scavenging the free radicals present under diseased conditions. The persistent generation of free radicals in the body leads to inflammation and can result in even more severe diseases such as cancer. Notably, the antioxidant potential of various plant-derived compounds prevents and deregulates the formation of radicals by initiating their decomposition. There is a vast literature demonstrating antioxidant compounds’ anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and anti-cancer potential. This review describes the molecular mechanism of various flavonoids, such as quercetin, kaempferol, naringenin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate, against different cancers. Additionally, the pharmaceutical application of these flavonoids against different cancers using nanotechnologies such as polymeric, lipid-based nanoparticles (solid–lipid and liquid–lipid), liposomes, and metallic nanocarriers is addressed. Finally, combination therapies in which these flavonoids are employed along with other anti-cancer agents are described, indicating the effective therapies for the management of various malignancies.

Background/Objectives: Lagopsis supina, a traditional Chinese medicine valued for its diuretic properties, has limited research on its antioxidant, adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to investigate the chemical composition and biological activities of Lagopsis supina extract (LSE). Methods: LSE was prepared and evaluated for antioxidant activity, effects on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, and anti-inflammatory properties in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS)-based molecular networking was used to characterize its secondary metabolites. Results: LSE exhibited antioxidant activity in DPPH and ABTS assays. It significantly enhanced the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes during early and intermediate stages by upregulating adipogenic transcription factors such as PPARγ, C/EBPα, and C/EBPβ, along with promoting cyclin E expression. LSE also increased PPARγ activity and the expression of its target genes, such as Glut 4, PEPCK, FABP4, and Plin2. Moreover, LSE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 macrophages by downregulating pro-inflammatory mediators (iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-6) and inhibiting extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Chemical profiling revealed eight major compound groups: glycosides, organic acids, terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylglycosides, phenolics, fatty acids, and others characterized by their mass fragmentation patterns, precursors, and UV absorption spectra. In silico analysis confirmed these compounds’ bioactivities, demonstrating strong interactions and binding affinities with antioxidant, adipogenic, and anti-inflammatory protein targets. Conclusions: These findings highlight LSE’s triple therapeutic potential: antioxidant activity, adipogenesis promotion, and inflammation attenuation. LSE emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for managing obesity and related inflammatory complications.

Journal of Animal Science and Technology (JAST) is a peer-reviewed, open access journal publishing original research, review articles and notes in all fields of animal science. Topics covered by the journal include: genetics and breeding, physiology, nutrition of monogastric animals, nutrition of ruminants, animal products (milk, meat, eggs and their by-products) and their processing, grasslands and roughages, livestock environment, animal biotechnology, animal behavior and welfare.