In this research temperature and salinity profiles in eddy‐centered coordinates obtained from satellite altimetry (eddy data set distributed by Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data) are combined to document the mean three‐dimensional structures of cyclonic (CEs) and anticyclonic (AEs) eddies in the Lofoten Basin. For eddies of both polarities, significant eddy‐induced anomalies are concentrated within the zero vorticity radius and vertically to the depth of ∼900–1,000 m. The thermohaline vertical structures of CEs and AEs differ in terms of salinity and temperature anomalies. Horizontal structure of the mesoscale eddies showed warmer and saltier anomalies for AEs from the southwest to the northeast side, as well as colder and less salty anomalies from their southeast side for the CEs. This reflects the main features of the basin‐scale temperature and salinity gradients, strongly affected by the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current. Mean zonal eddy‐induced transport of volume, heat, and salt is generally westward, consistent with the key role played by eddies generated by the Norwegian Atlantic Slope Current. The obtained results highlight the significant role played by mesoscale eddies in the oceanic circulation of the Lofoten Basin, as well as on heat and salt budgets of a key region for air‐sea exchanges, water mass transformation, and climate.

The automatic detection and analysis of ocean eddies in the marginal ice zone via remote sensing is a very challenging task but of critical importance for scientific applications and anthropogenic activities. Therefore, as one of the first steps toward the automation of the eddy detection process, we investigated the potential of applying YOLOv5, a deep convolutional neural network architecture, to specifically collected and labeled high-resolution synthetic aperture radar data for a very dynamic area over the Fram Strait. Our approach involved fine-tuning pre-trained YOLOv5 models on a sparse dataset and achieved accurate results with minimal training data. The performances of the models were evaluated using several metrics, and the best model was selected by visual examination. The experimental results obtained from the validation and test datasets consistently demonstrated the robustness and effectiveness of the chosen model to identify submesoscale and mesoscale eddies with different structures. Moreover, our work provides a foundation for automated eddy detection in the marginal ice zone using synthetic aperture radar imagery and contributes to advancing oceanography research.

In this study we analyze shelf waves in the Great Australian Bight using satellite altimetry data. The phase velocity of the first mode of topographic waves is shown to be 1.8 m/s for an average shelf width of 200 km and 2.7 m/s for a maximal shelf width of 300 km. The estimates of the phase velocity are in good agreement with the estimates calculated from the spacetime spectra. Waves with periods of 22, 30, and 38 days are identified from the graphs of two-dimensional FFT spectra. The wavelengths of the identified periods vary over a wide range from 1500 to 2500 km. The theoretical dispersion curves correspond to the empirical parameters of topographic waves for a period of 38 days. Using the maximal cross-correlation method (averaging over the period 1993–2018), we can divide the Great Australian Bight water area into two parts: on the shelf, waves are directed eastward at an average velocity of 20 cm/s (averaging over 26 years); in the rest of the water area, the Rossby waves propagate westward at a velocity of up to 15 cm/s. The method of decomposing time series into fluctuations of a certain period confirm the results of the analysis of two-dimensional spectra. The intensity of oscillations is found to vary significantly in time and space. Spatiotemporal diagrams of level fluctuations with periods of 22, 30, and 38 days along the contours of 50, 100, and 200 m show a significant variability of the wave velocity both in time and on various segments of the contour. For all three contours, the wave velocity increases in the eastern part of the Great Australian Bight compared to other parts of the shelf.

The new Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission, featuring unprecedented resolution and precision, represents a new era in satellite altimetry and exploration of ocean eddy dynamics. This paper provides a specific test case for the inter-comparison of eddy fields in the open ocean and the Marginal Ice Zone in the Fram Strait, utilizing Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and a complementary Level 3 product from the SWOT altimetry mission. We identified and matched 7 occurrences of open ocean eddies from both data sources. A crucial and anticipated finding is that the SSHA fields demonstrate clear capability in resolving small (up to 10 km) submesoscale eddies. The comparison of the SAR and backscattering coefficient from the SWOT unsmoothed fields for the Marginal Ice Zone region revealed a generally good agreement between both data types and can be used by the researchers as complementary data sources.