Background: Malaria exists as an endemic in many countries including Bangladesh and the malaria vaccine is not yet available here. The study aimed to assess the level of knowledge and acceptance of the malaria vaccination among the parents of children under the age of five in Bangladesh's malaria‐endemic areas and the sociodemographic, behavioural, and household factors associated with the acceptance and knowledge of the malaria vaccine.Methods: From January to March 2022, a cross‐sectional study was conducted in all five malaria‐endemic districts of Bangladesh, involving 405 parents of children under the age of 5 who met the inclusion criteria. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze the factor affecting parents' acceptance and knowledge of malaria vaccination in children under five and other variables.Results: Majority (54%) of the respondents were mothers. Almost half (49%) of the respondents were aged between 26 and 35 years old and around 90% were from rural areas. A small portion (20%) of the participants were housewives and 46% of them completed primary education. Overall, 70% of the study participants reported that they would accept malaria vaccination independently. About one‐fourth (25%) heard about the malaria vaccine and 48% of them mentioned health professionals as the source of information. Knowledge of malaria vaccination was found associated with residence, income, and family size. Acceptance and knowledge were both associated with residence, education, occupation, income, and family size. In a multivariable analysis, housing structure, house wall, house window, knowledge of malaria, testing for malaria, and being diagnosed with malaria were all associated with knowledge of and acceptance of getting vaccinated against malaria.Conclusions: The present study highlights the necessity of creating awareness of malaria vaccines in epidemic areas of Bangladesh. This study offers crucial data to develop a policy for a novel malaria vaccine, supporting its adoption in Bangladesh.Public Contribution: This study was based on interviews. The interviewees were recruited as public representatives from the malaria‐endemic area to assist us in building an understanding of knowledge and acceptance of the malaria vaccine among parents of under‐five children in Bangladesh.

The severity of the diarrhea disease is exacerbated by co-infections that involve Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and other enteric pathogens, which complicate the diagnosis and treatment. This study explores the prevalence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of ETEC and its co-infections in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study used data from the Diarrheal Disease Surveillance System at Dhaka Hospital, involving 16,276 patients from 2017 to 2022. We identified 1404 ETEC-positive patients from the 16,276 data points to investigate the association between ETEC infections, co-infections, and clinical outcomes. ETEC was identified in 1404 (8.6%) of cases, representing the most common infection among adults (56.6%). ETEC co-infection occurred combined with V. cholerae (23%), Aeromonas (14.6%), rotavirus (11.8%), Campylobacter (6.5%), and Shigella spp. (1.7%), respectively. Adults were more likely to develop co-infections with ETEC and V. cholerae, while children under five were more likely to develop ETEC co-infections with rotavirus. Co-infections with V. cholerae, rotavirus, and Salmonella spp. increased the likelihood of fever, while ETEC co-infections with V. cholerae increased risks of vomiting, dehydration, and intravenous fluids. ETEC and co-infections exacerbate illness severity and overburden healthcare systems. Policymakers should prioritize resilient healthcare strategies for ETEC and co-infections.

The provision of health care services in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) heavily relies on informally trained health care providers, who are responsible for up to 90% of health care interactions in these regions [1]. Bangladesh is particularly reliant on informally trained providers, given the shortage of qualified health care professionals in rural areas [2]. […]

Background: Over 700,000 Myanmar nationals known as the ‘Rohingyas’ fled into Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh, in late 2017. Due to this huge displacement into unhygienic areas, these people became vulnerable to communicable diseases including cholera. Assessing the risk, the Government of Bangladesh (GoB), with the help of the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) and other international partners, decided to take preventive measures, one of which is the execution of oral cholera vaccination (OCV) campaigns. This paper describes the implementation and delivery of OCV campaigns during humanitarian crises in Bangladesh. Methods: Seven rounds of OCV campaigns were conducted between October 2017 and December 2021. The OCV campaigns were conducted by applying different strategies. Results: Approximately 900,000 Rohingya Myanmar nationals (RMNs) and the host population (amounting to 528,297) received OCV across seven campaigns. In total, 4,661,187 doses of OCVs were administered, which included 765,499 doses for RMNs, and 895,688 doses for the host community. The vaccine was well accepted, and as a result, a high level of coverage was achieved, ranging from 87% to 108% in different campaigns. Conclusions: After successful pre-emptive campaigns in Cox’s Bazar humanitarian camps, no cholera outbreaks were detected either in the RMN or host communities.

Background and Aims: Antibiotic misuse represent a significant global health challenge, with medical students positioned as key figures in promoting responsible antibiotic usage. This study investigates the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding antibiotic use among medical students in Bangladesh, aiming to identify areas for targeted educational and policy interventions.Methods: This cross‐sectional survey was conducted among 501 medical students across various years of study in Bangladesh, collecting data over a 3‐month period. The survey assessed antibiotic knowledge, usage practices, and attitudes towards misuse, employing descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression analyses to explore associations between students’ demographic characteristics and their KAP towards antibiotics. Significance was assigned at p‐value < 0.05.Results: In our study involving 501 medical students from four medical colleges in Bangladesh, we achieved a 76% response rate. Among the participants, 78.24% correctly identified antibiotics’ effectiveness against bacterial infections, but 45.71% were uncertain about their efficacy against viral infections. Notably, 21.20% reported self‐prescribing antibiotics, predominantly sourced from physician prescriptions (54.89%). The most common reason for antibiotic use was fever (19.02%). Senior students were less likely to have good knowledge compared to junior students, and urban students demonstrated a higher likelihood of good knowledge and positive attitude towards antibiotic resistance.Conclusion: This study highlights the critical need for educational reforms and antimicrobial stewardship among medical students in Bangladesh to combat antibiotic misuse and mitigate antimicrobial resistance.

: Despite focusing on cholera burden, epidemiologic studies in Bangladesh tend to be limited in geographic scope. National-level cholera surveillance data can help inform cholera control strategies and assess the effectiveness of preventive measures. Hospital-based sentinel surveillance among patients with suspected diarrhea in different sites across Bangladesh has been conducted since 2014. We selected an age-stratified sample of 20 suspected cholera cases each week from each sentinel site, tested stool for the presence of Vibrio cholerae O1/O139 by culture, and characterized antibiotic susceptibility in a subset of culture-positive isolates. We estimated the odds of being culture positive among suspected cholera cases according to different potential risk factors. From May 4, 2014 through November 30, 2021, we enrolled 51,414 suspected cases from our sentinel surveillance sites. We confirmed V. cholerae O1 in 5.2% of suspected cases through microbiological culture. The highest proportion of confirmed cholera cases was from Chittagong (9.7%) and the lowest was from Rangpur Division (0.9%). Age, number of purges, duration of diarrhea, occupation, and season were the most relevant factors in distinguishing cholera-positive suspected cases from cholera-negative suspected cases. Nationwide surveillance data show that cholera is circulating in Bangladesh and the southern region is more affected than the northern region. Antimicrobial resistance patterns indicate that multidrug resistance (resistance to three or more classes of antibiotics) of V. cholerae O1 could be a major threat in the future. Alignment of these results with Bangladesh’s cholera-control program will be the foundation for future research into the efficacy of cholera-control initiatives.