(1) Objective: To examine the association between posterior-derived dietary patterns, food variety, and frailty measured by frailty index (FI) in Chinese elderly. (2) Method: A cohort study based on the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) from 2014 to 2018 was conducted among older adults. The food variety was defined by the food variety score (FVS), which was calculated using the frequency of food categories consumption. Dietary patterns were obtained using factor analysis. A FI composed of 38 health deficits was used to measure subjects’ frailty status. Logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the correlation between dietary factors and the incidence of frailty. (3) Results: Compared with low FVS, a high dietary diversity score at baseline was not associated with a reduced incidence of frailty after four years. Regarding long-term food variety, compared with the low variety maintained group, people with high variety maintained were associated with a lower risk of frailty (0.59, 95%CI 0.39–0.90). Adherence to the “egg-bean-pickle-sugar pattern” and “fruit-vegetable-meat-fish pattern” was associated with a lower risk of frailty. (4) Conclusion: Maintaining high food variety and adherence to two patterns, i.e., the egg-bean-pickle-sugar pattern and fruit-vegetable-meat-fish pattern, could reduce the incidence of frailty among Chinese older adults.

This study aims to examine the associations between midlife Life’s Simple 7 (LS7) status, psychosocial health (social isolation and loneliness), and late-life multidimensional frailty indicators, and to investigate their synergistic effect on frailty. We used cohort data from the UK Biobank. Frailty was assessed using physical frailty phenotype, hospital frailty risk score, and frailty index. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) on the association between the LS7 score, psychosocial health, and frailty. For the association of LS7 with physical and comprehensive frailty, 39,047 individuals were included. After a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1329 (3.4%) people were identified with physical frailty, and 5699 (14.6%) with comprehensive frailty. For the association of LS7 with hospital frailty, 366,570 people were included. After a median follow-up of 12.0 years, 18,737 (5.1%) people were identified with hospital frailty. Compared to people with a poor LS7 score, those with an intermediate (physical frailty: 0.64, 0.54–0.77; hospital frailty: 0.60, 0.58–0.62; and comprehensive frailty: 0.77, 0.69–0.86) and optimal LS7 score (physical frailty: 0.31, 0.25–0.39; hospital frailty: 0.39, 0.37–0.41; and comprehensive frailty: 0.62, 0.55–0.69) were associated with a lower risk of frailty. Poor psychosocial health was associated with an increased risk of frailty. People who had a poor psychosocial status and poor LS7 score had the highest risk of frailty. A better LS7 score in midlife was associated with a reduced risk of physical, hospital, and comprehensive frailty. There was a synergistic effect of psychosocial status and LS7 on frailty.