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Dr. Mahesh Jampani
International Water Management Institute (IWMI), 10120 Colombo, Sri Lanka

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0 Antimicrobial Resistance
0 Water Resource Management
0 Remote Sensing and Gis
0 Groundwater Hydrology
0 water quality and health

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Chapter
Published: 11 November 2020 in A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Development
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The Nexus Approach to environmental resources management is increasingly recognized as an important vehicle to achieve sustainability as spelled out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In particular, it was argued that the Nexus Approach is key for the sustainable use of environmental resources under conditions of global change and provides a tool to deal with challenges of global change including climate change, urbanization and population growth. Building on conceptual considerations with regard to monitoring and implementation outlined earlier, here, we explore how the Nexus Approach may provide solutions for managing resources in multifunctional land-use systems and resilient cities. In fact, the resources perspective is essential for holistic management of water, soil and waste along the urban–rural axis. Peri-urban areas provide perfect examples of multifunctional systems with manyfold opportunities to closing cycles, improve resource efficiency and mitigate trade-offs. Cases described in this book provide both positive as well as negative examples of what can be achieved by applying nexus thinking and what goes wrong if you don’t. Key messages emerging include: (i) participatory approaches are a central element for successful implementation of a nexus approach, (ii) effective mechanisms of knowledge transfer are a prerequisite of adoption and upscaling of nexus approaches and (iii) the lack of economic incentives and lack of data represent major challenges for the implementation of a nexus approach. Overall, the importance of a nexus mindset of all stakeholders involved in nexus cases and of providing an enabling environment by nexus-oriented governance, including appropriate economic instruments, was confirmed.

ACS Style

Stephan Hülsmann; Mahesh Jampani. The Nexus Approach as a Tool for Resources Management in Resilient Cities and Multifunctional Land-Use Systems. A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Development 2020, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Stephan Hülsmann, Mahesh Jampani. The Nexus Approach as a Tool for Resources Management in Resilient Cities and Multifunctional Land-Use Systems. A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Development. 2020; ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Stephan Hülsmann; Mahesh Jampani. 2020. "The Nexus Approach as a Tool for Resources Management in Resilient Cities and Multifunctional Land-Use Systems." A Nexus Approach for Sustainable Development , no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2020 in Sustainable Cities and Society
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Peri-urban areas are characterized by multifunctional land-use patterns forming a mosaic of built-up and agricultural areas. They are critical for providing food and other agricultural products, livelihood opportunities and multiple ecosystem services, which makes them transformative where urban and rural spaces blend. We analyzed land use changes in a peri-urban micro-watershed in Southern India by using Google Earth data to understand the micro-level spatio-temporal dynamics. This study aims at understanding the peri-urban agriculture and landscape changes as related to the change in use of wastewater and groundwater for irrigation. The temporal dynamics of peri-urban system including the changes in built-up, paragrass, paddy rice and vegetable cultivation, groundwater and wastewater irrigated areas in the watershed were evaluated. The detected changes indicate that, as a consequence of urban pressures, agricultural landscapes are being converted into built-up areas and, at the same time, former barren land is converted to agricultural plots. The mapped land use data are used in landscape change modelling for predicting the peri-urban agricultural dynamics and the driving factors in the watershed. Combined with the mapping and modelling approaches for land use change analysis, our results form the basis for integrated resources management in the wastewater influenced peri-urban systems.

ACS Style

Mahesh Jampani; Priyanie Amerasinghe; Rudolf Liedl; Karla Locher-Krause; Stephan Hülsmann. Multi-functionality and land use dynamics in a peri-urban environment influenced by wastewater irrigation. Sustainable Cities and Society 2020, 62, 102305 .

AMA Style

Mahesh Jampani, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Rudolf Liedl, Karla Locher-Krause, Stephan Hülsmann. Multi-functionality and land use dynamics in a peri-urban environment influenced by wastewater irrigation. Sustainable Cities and Society. 2020; 62 ():102305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahesh Jampani; Priyanie Amerasinghe; Rudolf Liedl; Karla Locher-Krause; Stephan Hülsmann. 2020. "Multi-functionality and land use dynamics in a peri-urban environment influenced by wastewater irrigation." Sustainable Cities and Society 62, no. : 102305.

Journal article
Published: 03 September 2019 in Chemosphere
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In many parts of the world, wastewater irrigation has become a common practice because of freshwater scarcity and to increase resource reuse efficiency. Wastewater irrigation has positive impacts on livelihoods and at the same time, it has adverse impacts related to environmental pollution. Hydrochemical processes and groundwater behaviour need to be analyzed for a thorough understanding of the geochemical evolution in the wastewater irrigated systems. The current study focuses on a micro-watershed in the peri-urban Hyderabad of India, where farmers practice intensive wastewater irrigation. To evaluate the major factors that control groundwater geochemical processes, we analyzed the chemical composition of the wastewater used for irrigation and groundwater samples on a monthly basis for one hydrological year. The groundwater samples were collected in three settings of the watershed: wastewater irrigated area, groundwater irrigated area and upstream peri-urban area. The collected groundwater and wastewater samples were analyzed for major anions, cations and nutrients. We systematically investigated the anthropogenic influences and hydrogeochemical processes such as cation exchange, precipitation and dissolution of minerals using saturated indices, and freshwater-wastewater mixtures at the aquifer interface. Saturation indices of halite, gypsum and fluorite are exhibiting mineral dissolution and calcite and dolomite display mineral precipitation. Overall, the results suggest that the groundwater geochemistry of the watershed is largely controlled by long-term wastewater irrigation, local rainfall patterns and water-rock interactions. The study results can provide the basis for local decision-makers to develop sustainable groundwater management strategies and to control the aquifer pollution influenced by wastewater irrigation.

ACS Style

Mahesh Jampani; Rudolf Liedl; Stephan Hülsmann; Sahebrao Sonkamble; Priyanie Amerasinghe. Hydrogeochemical and mixing processes controlling groundwater chemistry in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system of India. Chemosphere 2019, 239, 124741 .

AMA Style

Mahesh Jampani, Rudolf Liedl, Stephan Hülsmann, Sahebrao Sonkamble, Priyanie Amerasinghe. Hydrogeochemical and mixing processes controlling groundwater chemistry in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system of India. Chemosphere. 2019; 239 ():124741.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahesh Jampani; Rudolf Liedl; Stephan Hülsmann; Sahebrao Sonkamble; Priyanie Amerasinghe. 2019. "Hydrogeochemical and mixing processes controlling groundwater chemistry in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system of India." Chemosphere 239, no. : 124741.

Original article
Published: 17 August 2019 in Environmental Earth Sciences
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Over the last few decades, the Indian subcontinent is gradually drifting towards northeast at a rate of 10 mm/year, which is an indication that the areas are actively deforming. Such a gradual rate of drift is expected to bring modifications and changes in the topography, which can be quantified with the help of geomorphic parameters. The current study examines the geomorphological changes in the seismically active areas of different geotectonic provinces of India, i.e., Northeast India and Bhuj region. The geomorphological changes have been estimated with the help of remote sensing and geographical information system modeling by calculating the geomorphic parameters. A total of 39 drainage basins were extracted from both the study areas using Aster GDEM data of 30 m resolution. Geomorphic indices such as stream order, stream length, bifurcation ratio, form factor, asymmetry factor and hypsometric integral were calculated for each drainage basin of the study regions. The geomorphic parameters reveal that the study areas are dendritic in character, even though having different geological formations, both study regions express similar lithological characteristics. With no strong control of structural elements, both study areas seem to be characterized by relatively high permeability and with relatively gentle slope. The extent of the carving of topography reveals that the drainage development and morphologic evolution of both areas have practically reached Late Mature and Old stage of terrain development. Even though the two study areas represent different seismotectonic provinces, it is observed that geomorphologically they are gradually approaching the stage of peneplanation.

ACS Style

Umamaheswari Alapati; Mahesh Jampani; Ravindra K. Sukhtankar. Geomorphic response of the river basin drainage in seismically active regions of India. Environmental Earth Sciences 2019, 78, 1 -15.

AMA Style

Umamaheswari Alapati, Mahesh Jampani, Ravindra K. Sukhtankar. Geomorphic response of the river basin drainage in seismically active regions of India. Environmental Earth Sciences. 2019; 78 (16):1-15.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Umamaheswari Alapati; Mahesh Jampani; Ravindra K. Sukhtankar. 2019. "Geomorphic response of the river basin drainage in seismically active regions of India." Environmental Earth Sciences 78, no. 16: 1-15.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2018 in Water Research
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Natural wetlands are green infrastructure systems that are energy-efficient for wastewater treatment and can be found in diverse geo-environmental settings around the world. Their structure and functions, which defines the treatment efficiencies are highly varied. Wetlands over shallow bedrock and geological lineaments (weak zones) have been known to contribute to groundwater contamination. However, not many studies have been performed to understand the structure in different geological settings to identify the efficiency determining factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the geological suitability of the natural wetlands. We examined wastewater fed natural wetlands in diverse geological settings aiming at studying the depth, geo-stability, bio-chemical interactions, and hydrogeological attributes that improve the wastewater quality, within the Musi River basin, India. The integrated geophysical scans encompassing electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), hydrogeological test, bathymetric study and hydro-chemical analysis were carried out to explore the physical structure and hydro-dynamic processes in the wetlands. ERT investigations showed that, the depth to bedrock up to 20–25 m devoid of geo-fractures indicated the effective depth of saturated zone as a passable scope for potential bio-chemical interactions, implying the proportionality of the deep seated (deep bedrock) wetland to the pollutant removal efficiency. The lower order of electrical resistivity range 10–35 Ωm and hydraulic conductivity 2.938 md−1 acquired for saturated weathered zone were found catalyzing the bioremediation, sedimentation, adsorption, redox reactions and ion exchange processes. It caused the deep seated wetland removing nitrate 194.34 kgd−1 (97.18%); sulphate 333.75 kgd−1 (77.70%); phosphate 9.66 kgd−1 (82.53%); microbes 99.99%, BOD 80%, and COD 80% load with discharge 1408 m3d-1 of treated wastewater. Further, the strategies for designating the natural wetlands as wastewater treatment systems are also discussed in this paper.

ACS Style

Sahebrao Sonkamble; Ashalata Sahya; Mahesh Jampani; Shakeel Ahmed; Priyanie Amerasinghe. Hydro-geophysical characterization and performance evaluation of natural wetlands in a semi-arid wastewater irrigated landscape. Water Research 2018, 148, 176 -187.

AMA Style

Sahebrao Sonkamble, Ashalata Sahya, Mahesh Jampani, Shakeel Ahmed, Priyanie Amerasinghe. Hydro-geophysical characterization and performance evaluation of natural wetlands in a semi-arid wastewater irrigated landscape. Water Research. 2018; 148 ():176-187.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sahebrao Sonkamble; Ashalata Sahya; Mahesh Jampani; Shakeel Ahmed; Priyanie Amerasinghe. 2018. "Hydro-geophysical characterization and performance evaluation of natural wetlands in a semi-arid wastewater irrigated landscape." Water Research 148, no. : 176-187.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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Wastewater irrigation is a common livelihood practice in many parts of the developing world. With the continuous irrigation supply, groundwater systems in these regions perceive adverse impacts due to inadequate infrastructure to treat the wastewater. The current study area, Musi River irrigation system, is one such case study located in the peri-urban Hyderabad of South India. The Musi River water, which is used for irrigation, is composed of untreated and secondary treated wastewater from Hyderabad city. Kachiwani Singaram micro-watershed in the peri-urban Hyderabad is practicing wastewater irrigation for the last 40 years. The current quality of (untreated) wastewater used for irrigation is expected to have adverse impacts on the local aquifers, but detailed investigations are lacking. To elucidate the groundwater quality dynamics and seasonality of the wastewater irrigation impacts on the peri-urban agricultural system, we analyzed the groundwater quality on a monthly basis for one hydrological year in the wastewater and groundwater irrigated areas, which exist next to each other. The spatio-temporal variability of groundwater quality in the watershed was analyzed with respect to wastewater irrigation and seasonality using multivariate statistical analysis, multi-way modeling and self-organizing maps. This study indicates the significance of combining various statistical techniques for detailed evaluation of the groundwater processes in a wastewater irrigated agricultural system. The results suggest that concentrations of the major ionic substances increase after the monsoon season, especially in wastewater irrigated areas. Multi-way modeling identified the major polluted groundwaters to come from the wastewater irrigated parts of the watershed. Clusters of chemical variables identified by using self-organizing maps indicate that groundwater pollution is highly impacted by mineral interactions and long-term wastewater irrigation. The study recommends regular monitoring of water resources and development of sustainable management strategies to mitigate the aquifer pollution in wastewater irrigation systems.

ACS Style

Mahesh Jampani; Stephan Hülsmann; Rudolf Liedl; Sahebrao Sonkamble; Shakeel Ahmed; Priyanie Amerasinghe. Spatio-temporal distribution and chemical characterization of groundwater quality of a wastewater irrigated system: A case study. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 636, 1089 -1098.

AMA Style

Mahesh Jampani, Stephan Hülsmann, Rudolf Liedl, Sahebrao Sonkamble, Shakeel Ahmed, Priyanie Amerasinghe. Spatio-temporal distribution and chemical characterization of groundwater quality of a wastewater irrigated system: A case study. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 636 ():1089-1098.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahesh Jampani; Stephan Hülsmann; Rudolf Liedl; Sahebrao Sonkamble; Shakeel Ahmed; Priyanie Amerasinghe. 2018. "Spatio-temporal distribution and chemical characterization of groundwater quality of a wastewater irrigated system: A case study." Science of The Total Environment 636, no. : 1089-1098.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2017 in Water Science and Technology
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Wastewater generated on a global scale has become a significant source of water resources which necessitates appropriate management strategies. However, the complexities associated with wastewater are lack of economically viable treatment systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. While many types of treatment systems are needed to serve the various local issues, we propose natural treatment systems (NTS) such as natural wetlands that are eco-friendly, cost-effective, and can be jointly driven by public bodies and communities. In order for it to be part of wastewater management, this study explores the NTS potential for removal of pollutants, cost-effectiveness, and reuse options for the 1.20 million m3/day of wastewater generated in Hyderabad, India. The pilot study includes hydro-geophysical characterization of natural wetland to determine pollutant removal efficiency and its effective utilization for treated wastewater in the peri-urban habitat. The results show the removal of organic content (76–78%), nutrients (77–97%), and microbes (99.5–99.9%) from the wetland-treated wastewater and its suitability for agriculture applications. Furthermore, the wetland efficiency integrated with engineered interventions led to the development of NTS models with different application scenarios: (i) constructed wetlands, (ii) minimized community wetlands, and (iii) single outlet system, suitable for urban, peri-urban and rural areas, respectively.

ACS Style

Sahebrao Sonkamble; Wajihuddin; Mahesh Jampani; S. Sarah; V. K. Somvanshi; Shakeel Ahmed; Priyanie Amerasinghe; Alexandre Boisson. Natural treatment system models for wastewater management: a study from Hyderabad, India. Water Science and Technology 2017, 77, 479 -492.

AMA Style

Sahebrao Sonkamble, Wajihuddin, Mahesh Jampani, S. Sarah, V. K. Somvanshi, Shakeel Ahmed, Priyanie Amerasinghe, Alexandre Boisson. Natural treatment system models for wastewater management: a study from Hyderabad, India. Water Science and Technology. 2017; 77 (2):479-492.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sahebrao Sonkamble; Wajihuddin; Mahesh Jampani; S. Sarah; V. K. Somvanshi; Shakeel Ahmed; Priyanie Amerasinghe; Alexandre Boisson. 2017. "Natural treatment system models for wastewater management: a study from Hyderabad, India." Water Science and Technology 77, no. 2: 479-492.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2013 in Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development
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High population growth, increasing urbanization and rapid economic development are exerting pressure on the already scarce water resources in India. Treatment and reuse of wastewater can play an important role in addressing some of the urban water challenges. Conventional treatment plants have many challenges, therefore, natural treatment systems (NTSs) are viewed as a cost-effective alternative, which are more suitable in the Indian context. This study builds on a desktop study of NTSs and presents a rapid sustainability assessment of 12 NTSs, highlighting the potential and viability of NTSs in India. The results show that the NTSs have a high potential for wastewater treatment. However, there are still gaps in knowledge related to aspects that hinder the sustainability of the systems. Risks associated with reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture, operational problems and social acceptance were perceived as frequent challenges. Self-sustaining financing methods and the use of by-products were viewed as added benefits.

ACS Style

M. Starkl; P. Amerasinghe; L. Essl; M. Jampani; D. Kumar; S. R. Asolekar. Potential of natural treatment technologies for wastewater management in India. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 2013, 3, 500 -511.

AMA Style

M. Starkl, P. Amerasinghe, L. Essl, M. Jampani, D. Kumar, S. R. Asolekar. Potential of natural treatment technologies for wastewater management in India. Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development. 2013; 3 (4):500-511.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Starkl; P. Amerasinghe; L. Essl; M. Jampani; D. Kumar; S. R. Asolekar. 2013. "Potential of natural treatment technologies for wastewater management in India." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 4: 500-511.