The design of metal-supported solid oxide fuel cells (MS-SOFCs) has again aroused interest in recent years due to their low cost of materials, strength, and resistance to thermal cycling, as well as the advantages of manufacturability. MS-SOFCs are promising electrochemical devices for hydrogen energy. Compared to SOFCs, where ceramic electrodes or electrolytes are used as a carrier base, they are of great interest due to their fast start-up capability, greater reliability, mechanical stability, and resistance to the thermal cycle. MS-SOFCs have many advantages over conventional ceramic-based SOFCs, with the selection of metal-based electrode materials (anode, cathode) and their degradation processes being some of the biggest challenges facing researchers. Therefore, this review reports on the state of the latest research on MS-SOFCs with various structures, discusses the corresponding electrode materials and their existing problems, and puts forward topical issues that need to be addressed in MS-SOFCs.

In this current investigation, the experimental performance of a solar still basin was significantly enhanced by incorporating snail shell biomaterials. The outcomes of the snail shell-augmented solar still basin (SSSS) are compared with those of a conventional solar still (CSS). The utilization of snail shells proved to facilitate the reduction of saline water and enhance its temperature, thereby improving the productivity of the SSSS. Cumulatively, the SSSS productivity was improved by 4.3% over CSS. Furthermore, the SSSS outperformed in energy and exergy efficiency of CSS by 4.5 and 3.5%, respectively. Economically, the cost per liter of distillate (CPL) for the CSS was 3.4% higher than SSSS. Moreover, the SSSS showed a shorter estimated payback period (PBP) of 141 days which was 6 days less than CSS. Considering the environmental impact, the observed CO2 emissions from the SSSS were approximately 14.6% higher than CSS over its 10-year lifespan. Notably, the SSSS exhibited a substantial increase in the estimated carbon credit earned (CCE) compared to the CSS. Ultimately, the research underscores the efficacy of incorporating snail shells into solar still basins as a commendable approach to organic waste management, offering economic benefits without compromising environmental considerations.

Conventional solvents remain the most used media for lignocellulosic biomass valorization. However, these solvents exhibit many limitations and have a negative environmental impact. In the last decade, Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) have emerged as a multifaceted tool in biomass valorization, with a promising perspective in the application of lignocellulosic biomass valorization. DESs have gained attention in the last decade as an alternative solvent in biomass valorization and biorefinery processes due to their high efficiency; eco-friendliness; low cost; and numerous other advantages, such as recyclability, non-volatility, and stability. This paper discusses the latest research on the potential applications of DESs in the valorization of secondary lignocellulosic biomass.

Kazakhstan possesses significant natural resources, including coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium, and also has substantial potential for utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, hydropower, and biomass. However, the country currently relies heavily on fossil fuels for electricity...