Breast implants are widely used for reconstructive and/or cosmetic purposes. Inflammations and infections of breast implants represent important complications in clinical practice. The proper management of complications is necessary: diagnostic imaging plays a key role in detecting sites of inflammation and/or infection. The present review aims to illustrate the radiological findings of these conditions with different imaging techniques, such as mammography (MX), ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and nuclear medicine imaging. A knowledge of these findings is essential for radiologists and nuclear medicine physicians to provide helpful information for the clinical management of these complications.

Background/Objectives: The prognostic value of baseline clinical parameters in predicting the survival prolonging effect of Radium-223-dichloride (²²³RaCl₂) for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients has been the object of intensive research and remains an open issue. This national multicenter study aimed to corroborate the evidence of ten years of clinical experience with ²²³RaCl₂ by collecting data from eight Italian Nuclear Medicine Units. Methods: Data from 581 consecutive mCRPC patients treated with ²²³RaCl₂ were retrospectively analyzed. Several baseline variables relevant to the overall survival (OS) analysis were considered, including age, previous radical prostatectomy/radiotherapy, number of previous treatment lines, prior chemotherapy, Gleason score, presence of lymphoadenopaties, number of bone metastases, concomitant use of bisphosphonates/Denosumab, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG-PS), as well as baseline values of hemoglobin (Hb), platelets, Total Alkaline Phosphatase (tALP), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA). Data were summarized using descriptive statistics, univariate analysis and multivariate analysis with the Cox model. Results: The median OS time was 14 months (95%CI 12–17 months). At univariate analysis age, the number of previous treatment lines, number of bone metastases, ECOG-PS, presence of lymphadenopathies at the time of enrollment, as well as baseline tALP, PSA, and Hb, were independently associated with OS. After multivariate analysis, the number of previous treatment lines (HR = 1.1670, CI = 1.0095–1.3491, p = 0.0368), the prior chemotherapy (HR = 0.6461, CI = 0.4372–0.9549, p = 0.0284), the presence of lymphadenopathies (HR = 1.5083, CI = 1.1210–2.0296, p = 0.0066), the number of bone metastases (HR = 0.6990, CI = 0.5416–0.9020, p = 0.0059), ECOG-PS (HR = 1.3551, CI = 1.1238–1.6339, p = 0.0015), and baseline values of tALP (HR = 1.0008, CI = 1.0003–1.0013, p = 0.0016) and PSA (HR = 1.0004, CI = 1.0002–1.0006, p = 0.0005) remained statistically significant. Conclusions: In the era of precision medicine and in the landscape of novel therapies for mCRPC, the prognostic stratification of patients undergoing ²²³RaCl₂ has a fundamental role for clinical decision-making, ranging from treatment choice to optimal sequencing and potential associations. This large Italian multicenter study corroborated the prognostic value of several variables, emerging from ten years of clinical experience with ²²³RaCl₂.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain tumor in the adult population, and it is characterized by poor prognosis; thus, new treatment strategies are strongly needed. Precision medicine is a rapidly growing field in oncology that identifies specific molecular features of tumor cells and allows theranostic strategies (combining diagnosis and therapy). In nuclear medicine, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) represents an interesting molecular target in theranostics, considering its involvement in the neoangiogenesis of many kinds of tumors, including GBM. In this narrative review, we performed a web-based literature search to explore the current evidence regarding PSMA-targeted nuclear medicine theranostics in GBM, highlighting diagnostic applications, therapeutic potential, and future clinical perspectives.

Background. As artificial intelligence is expanding its applications in medicine, metabolic imaging is gaining the ability to retrieve data otherwise missed by even an experienced naked eye. Also, new radiopharmaceuticals and peptides aim to increase the specificity of positron emission tomography (PET) scans. Herein, a preliminary experience is reported regarding searching for a texture signature in routinely performed [F18]Fluciclovine imaging in prostate cancer. Materials and methods. Twenty-nine patients who underwent a PET/computed tomography (CT) scan with [¹⁸F]Fluciclovine because of biochemical prostate cancer relapse were retrospectively enrolled. First- and second-order radiomic features were manually extracted in lesions visually considered pathologic from the Local Image Features Extraction (LIFEx) platform. Statistical analysis was performed on a database of 29 lesions, one1 per patient. The dataset was split to have 20 lesions for the model training set and 9 lesions for the validation set. The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test was used on the training set to select the most significant features (p-value < 0.05) predicting the dichotomous outcome in a univariate analysis. Results. The best model for predicting the outcome was found to be a multiple logistic linear regression model with two features as variables: an intensity histogram type and a gray-level size zone-based type. Conclusions. Texture analysis of [F18]Fluciclovine PET scans helps in defining prostate cancer relapse in a daily clinical setting.

Purpose: This review aims to explore the role of well-established and emerging radiopharmaceuticals different from 2-[¹⁸F]FDG (FDG) in multiple myeloma (MM) and smoldering multiple myeloma (SMM), as well as to describe new perspectives in preclinical data. Methods: A literature search was performed to identify clinical studies investigating PET radiotracers other than FDG in MM or SMM in the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases. Data were extracted into summary tables, detailing characteristics such as the mechanism of action of each radiopharmaceutical. For future perspectives, clinical studies were retrieved for imaging MM/SMM with radiopharmaceuticals targeting integrins, while preclinical studies were retrieved for those targeting CD-138, VLA-4, anti-BCMA, and nanoparticles. Results: A total of 28 clinical studies with the following radiopharmaceuticals: [¹¹C]methionine, [¹⁸F]FET, [¹⁸F]fluciclovine, [¹¹C]acetate, [¹¹C]choline, [¹⁸F]choline, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, [¹⁸F]NaF, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-DOTATATE, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-FAPI-04, [⁶⁸Ga]Ga-pentixafor and [⁸⁹Zr]/[⁶⁴Cu]daratumumab were found and summarized. For future perspectives, one clinical study targeting integrins and four preclinical studies were summarized. Conclusion: Compared to FDG, alternative tracers show promise for improved detection. However, their routine clinical use is limited by factors such as availability, cost, and lack of validation in large multicenter studies. Further research, including dual-tracer and theragnostic approaches, is essential but still far from everyday clinical application.