Using nanoparticles (NPs) to effectively mitigate the negative effects of abiotic stressors on plant growth and development will help to achieve sustainable agriculture. Although there have been some prior reviews in this area, bibliometrics is still lacking. In this study, the most productive nations or regions, journals, publishers, and scholars in this field were identified using an objective bibliometric examination of the pertinent material published in the Web of Science core database. To dig deeper for information, the keywords co-occurrence, collaboration network of countries/regions and authors, and network map of highly cited papers citation are used to characterize present advances and forecast potential future trends. The results show a growing interest in using nanoparticles to alleviate abiotic stressors. There has been an exponential increase in the number of relevant papers and citations. Moreover, Asian countries are the most active in this subject, even if the USA generates papers with the best overall quality. The most common publishers and journals in this area are Elsevier and Environmental Science-Nano, while Wu HH is currently the most active author. Even though many researchers have formed close partnerships, there is not yet a large collaborative group of researchers in this field. Gaps in the current scientific literature are highlighted, such as the lack of use of omics, especially multi-omics, to provide a more in-depth and comprehensive explanation of the molecular mechanisms by which NPs enhance plant resistance to abiotic stresses. This bibliometric study will provide a valuable reference for studying the evolution of the field and identifying research frontiers.

Polyploid plants, an important source for the selection of ornamental plants for their advantages of faster growth, higher yields, and stronger adaptability to an adverse environment, play an essential role in the development of economic plants for agricultural stress. The methodology has been improved to decrease blindness and increase the efficiency of ornamental plants’ polyploid breeding in the long term. The progress of research on ornamental plants related to natural polyploidy, chromosome doubling, the 2n gametes pathway, and plant ploidy identification are reviewed in this paper. The main routes in polyploid breeding are chromosome doubling and sexual hybridization. Screening of suitable induction methods and plant material should be enhanced in chromosome doubling to improve induction efficiency. Regarding polyploid breeding, the utilization and research on 2n gametes produced by natural conditions or artificial induction should be strengthened to shorten the breeding years. Therefore, further research should strengthen the combination of chromosome doubling and sexual hybridization to improve breeding efficiency and strengthen the research and application of polyploid plants. This thesis review provides some reference value for polyploid breeding in ornamental plants.

Michelia compressa, a member of the Magnoliaceae family, is an evergreen tree of considerable significance in both landscape gardening and industrial production. However, during its introduction to northern subtropical regions in China, this species often suffers from frost damage, which limits its widespread application. The utilization of housekeeping genes is essential when performing gene family analyses under abiotic stress conditions. Additionally, auxin response factor (ARF) transcription factors (TF) play a crucial role in plant responses to abiotic stresses; however, their specific function in cold stress responses within M. compressa has not been systematically investigated. Ten housekeeping genes were selected from transcriptome data for evaluation using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The optimal housekeeping gene identified through screening was used for verification of gene family analysis. Additionally, key genes underwent functional validation. Analysis conducted with GeNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper identified 28S as the optimal reference gene for M. compressa under cold stress. Furthermore, an analysis of the ARF gene family using full-length transcriptome data revealed a total of 48 McoARF genes, which clustered into three groups alongside the Arabidopsis thaliana ARFs. Among these, eight selected McoARF genes exhibited significantly elevated expression levels in leaves under cold stress and demonstrated tissue specificity. Functional validation revealed that transgenic plants overexpressing McoARF13 displayed elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as increased activities of peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in leaves under cold stress. This study represents the inaugural screening of housekeeping genes in M. compressa under cold stress conditions, accompanied by an analysis of the ARF gene family. The functional validation of McoARF13 was successfully conducted, offering valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms that underlie cold stress response in M. compressa.

Background Styrax tonkinensis (Pierre) Craib ex Hartwich is a promising oil species with excellent fatty acid composition, making it a potential candidate for biofuel production. However, its expansion in the south provinces of Yangtze River region has been hindered by climate extremes such as flood-drought abrupt alternation (FDAA), which is caused by global warming. This species has low tolerance to waterlogging and drought, further restricting its growth in this region. To investigate the antioxidant system and the molecular response related to peroxisome pathway of S. tonkinensis under FDAA, we conducted FDAA and drought (DT) experiments on two-years old seedlings. We measured various growth indexes, reactive oxygen species content, the activity of two antioxidant enzymes and analyzed transcriptome of its seedlings under FDAA and DT conditions. Results The results displayed that the reduction in fresh weight was mainly observed in the leaves under FDAA condition. Through transcriptome analysis, we assembled a total of 1,111,088 unigenes (1,111,628,179 bp). We analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant system. Generally, SOD1 and SOD2 genes in S. tonkinensis seedlings were upregulated to combat abiotic stresses. Our findings revealed that ROS accumulation was predominantly observed in leaves rather than roots under FDAA. Under FDAA circumstance, Protein Mpv17 (MPV17) showed the opposite reaction in leaves and roots with upregulation and downregulation, respectively. Conclusions The ROS generation triggered by MPV17 genes was not the main reason for the eventual mortality of the plant. Instead, plant mortality may be attributed to water loss during the waterlogging phase, decreased root water uptake capacity, and continued water loss during the subsequent drought period. This study establishes a scientific foundation for comprehending the morphological, physiological, and molecular facts of S. tonkinensis under FDAA conditions.