Ecofriendly, ecoefficient and sustainable civil engineering work has been research with emphasis on adapting the byproducts of solid waste recycling and reuse to achieving infrastructural activities with low or zero carbon emission. The direction combustion model, the solid waste incinerator caustic soda oxides of carbon entrapment model (SWI-NaOH-OCEM) developed by this research has achieved a zero carbon release. This research adopted the literature search method to put together research results of previous works relevant to the aim of this present work. It has been shown that CO and CO2 emissions can be contained during the derivation of alternative or supplementary cementing materials used in the replacement of ordinary Portland cement in civil engineering works. In the overall assessment of the present review work has left the environment free of the hazards of CO and CO2 emissions. It was shown that these supplementary cementing materials derived from solid wastes improve the engineering properties of treated soft clay and expansive soils, concrete, and asphalt. Bio-peels, another form solid waste has been established as a good detoxificant used in treating wastewater. It has been shown that solid waste recycling and reuse is a hub to achieving ecofriendly, ecoefficient and sustainable infrastructural development on the global scale.

This article presents a lattice-type numerical modelling method for analysing the thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete subjected to compressive stresses at high temperature. The concrete is considered as a two-dimensional mesoscale structure consisting of three material phases: aggregates, cement paste and interfacial transition zones (ITZ). Subjected to a high temperature, concrete might be damaged due to the differences in thermal expansion between these components. The damage results in the initiation and propagation of cracks that affect the thermal conductivity of the material and thus the heat transfer within the structure. A modified damage-elasticity model, coupled with a nonlinear heat transfer equation taking into account the damage induced thermal conductivity change, is implemented in the lattice framework to describe the thermo-mechanical behaviour of concrete. Comparison of the current study to experimental and numerical results reported in the literature indicates the significance of the proposed model.