Abiraterone acetate is a well-known anticancer drug and a steroidal derivative of progesterone for treatment of patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Chemometrics-assisted reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) development of the drug abiraterone acetate has been employed in this study using an analytical quality by design (AQbD) approach. Drug separation was performed using a Princeton Merck-Hibar Purospher STAR (C18, 250 mm × 4.6 mm) i.d., 5 μm particle size) with ultraviolet detection at 235 nm. A Box-Behnken statistical experimental design with response surface methodology was executed for method optimization and desired chromatographic separation from its formulation with a few numbers of experimental trials. The impact of three independent variables, namely, composition of the mobile phase, pH, and flow rate, on response retention time and peak area was studied by constructing an arithmetic model from these variables. Optimized experimental conditions for the proposed work include the mobile phase acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (10 mM KH₂PO₄) (20:80 %v/v). At the concentration range of 2-100 μg/mL, a linear calibration curve was found. Recovery was performed at three concentrations and was foun to be between 98% and 102%. The 3D response surface curves revealed that mobile phase composition and flow rate were the most substantial critical factors affecting desired responses. An attempt has been made to develop and validate an economical, precise, robust, stability-indicating AQbD-based RP-HPLC method that can be employed successfully for the routine analysis of abiraterone acetate in quality control labs.

The purpose of this research was to formulate Polymeric (Chitosan/PEG blended PLGA) nanoparticles containing Pioglitazone as a model drug using the solvent evaporation method. The resultant nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic laser spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The nanoparticles had a spherical shape with a mean particle diameter of 323 ± 1.15 nm. Furthermore, data from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) research revealed no drug-polymer interaction. The efficiency of drug encapsulation was determined to be 61.7 ± 2.91%. The formulated nanoparticles also showed improved drug bioavailability in an in vivo system. When compared to the native drug-treated group, blood glucose levels in Pioglitazone-loaded nanoparticle treated streptozotocin caused diabetic rats were reduced dramatically (up to 7 days) to normal levels (up to 6 hours). In albino rats, the nanoparticles' in vivo toxicity investigation revealed no significant changes in behavioral, biochemical, or hematological exams. As a result, the developed system may be useful in achieving a controlled release of the drug, which may help decrease dose frequency and increase patient compliance with pioglitazone for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Onychomycosis is an infection caused by a fungus that causes discoloration and thicken-ing of the nail layer, and it is the most common nail infection in the world. Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigital is the most common anthropophilic dermato-phytes that trigger it. Onychomycosis is caused by yeasts such as Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis, as well as moulds such as Aspergillus spp. Treatment is determined by the type of nail invasion, the fungus genus, and the number of nails affected. Approaches towards conventional methods showed certain drawbacks, which emphasizes the need for alternate approaches to produce better therapeutic efficacy of a product. The present review focused on reporting an updated classi-fication of Onchyomycosis, causative organisms, factors influencing drug permeation, novel treat-ment strategies for Onychomycosis, and drug permeation enhancement methods.

Periodontal disease is a progressive condition characterized by the degradation of gingival tissues, periodontal ligaments, and alveolar bone, often resulting in tooth loss if untreated. Its pathogenesis is influenced by bacterial infections, host immune responses, and environmental factors. While human cell cultures provide insights into cellular mechanisms, animal models play a crucial role in understanding the complex host-pathogen interactions and developing therapeutic interventions. Various species, including rodents, dogs, non-human primates, and mini-pigs, have been employed in periodontal research due to their anatomical and immunological similarities to humans. These models allow the study of disease progression, systemic effects, and potential treatments in a controlled environment. However, challenges such as anatomical differences, ethical concerns, and the difficulty of accurately replicating human periodontal disease remain. Despite these limitations, animal models are indispensable for advancing periodontal research, offering insights into disease mechanisms and contributing to the development of novel therapies. This review evaluates the strengths and limitations of several animal models used in periodontal disease studies, emphasizing the need for further refinement to enhance their relevance to human conditions.