Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) remains a major cause of gastroduodenal diseases. We aimed to evaluate the burden of this infection, particularly peptic ulcer disease in Vietnamese children. Methods: We enrolled consecutive children referred for esophagogastroduodenoscopy at two tertiary children’s hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City, from October 2019 to May 2021. Children treated with proton pump inhibitors during the last two weeks or antibiotics for four weeks, and those having a previous or interventional endoscopy were excluded. H. pylori infection was diagnosed with either a positive culture or positive histopathology combined with a rapid urease test, or with a polymerase chain reaction of the urease gene. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee and written informed consent/assent was obtained. Results: Among 336 enrolled children aged 4–16 (mean: 9.1 ± 2.4 years; 55.4% girls), H. pylori infection was positive in 80%. Peptic ulcers were detected in 65 (19%), increasing with age, and 25% with anemia. cagA+ strains were detected at a higher rate in children with ulcers. Conclusions: Prevalence of H. pylori and peptic ulcers is high among symptomatic Vietnamese children. It is crucial to have a program for early detection of H. pylori to reduce ulcer risk and gastric cancer later.

Objectives: This study assessed the diagnostic value of a monoclonal immunoassay stool antigen test (HpSA) for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and the eradication outcomes.Methods: Children undergoing digestive endoscopy at 2 Children's Hospitals in Ho Chi Minh City were recruited. Treatment was offered to H. pylori‐infected children. Stool samples were collected on the same day as the endoscopy procedure and after 6 weeks post‐treatment for HpSA. Diagnostic value and optimal cutoff of HpSA were assessed using biopsy‐based tests as the gold standard. Eradication was defined as a negative HpSA post‐treatment. Ethical approval was obtained, and informed consent was signed by the participants.Results: In total, 394 patients participated in the study. The most common symptoms were epigastric pain (74.6%) and vomiting (37.3%). H. pylori status was positive in 78% of patients (306/394), doubtful in 10.1%, and negative in 12.2%. HpSA was positive in 73.2% (142/194). Excluding doubtful infections, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of HpSA were 87.4%, 95.2%, 99.2%, 51.3%, and 88.4%, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of 0.148 provided similar accuracy to the recommended cutoff. The eradication rate was 56.1% in per‐protocol analysis and 27.9% in intention‐to‐treat analysis. Treatment success was higher in boys, but lower among malnourished children and those infected with cagA+ strains.Conclusions: The HpSA is reliable for identifying H. pylori infection in epidemiological studies and assessing eradication outcomes. The low eradication rate highlights the need for an appropriate intervention strategy in Vietnamese children.

Cloud providers deployed dozens of PoPs and data centers globally to serve billions of geo-distributed users. The traffic management at peering edges has become a key capability of cloud network operators to meet the diverse demands of users. With the rapid growth of cloud applications, users have recently announced new performance requirements, e.g., achieving latency as low as possible instead of maintaining a specified delay. The conventional inter-domain bandwidth allocation approach, which aims to reduce the high operating expenditures of bandwidth usage, fails to meet these new requirements. We further reveal that the flow scheduling among PoPs may fail due to the limited link capacity hidden by the cloud private backbone network controller. Therefore we seek a new traffic management at peering edges. We propose a new controller framework, EdgeCross, that satisfies not only users' emerging demands but maintains low operating costs. The large number of fine-grain application-aware flows and the consideration of backbone links' capacity lead to very high complexity of routing computation and verification for the controller. EdgeCross introduces a two-phase operation that first achieves the low-expense bandwidth allocation according to the standard 95th percentile billing model and then allocates specified flows to peering edges based on users' requirements. EdgeCross further reduces large memory consumption by proposing an effective routing table compression approach. The evaluation based on a production network with 16 PoPs has shown that EdgeCross can successfully process the routes of 1 billion flows in 10 seconds, reduce the average delay for performance-sensitive flows by 2 milliseconds compared to traditional BGP, and is able to save the bandwidth cost by 10-26% compared to the state-of-the-art Cascara.

Giganetes is a GPU-centric architecture for stateless LLM serving that externalizes KV caches to a disaggregated remote memory pool via GPUDirect RDMA. By treating remote memory as a GPU-addressable tier via GPUDirect RDMA, Giganetes eliminates session affinity constraints: any GPU can serve any request, enabling near-linear horizontal scaling in a Kubernetes-native deployment. A Scatter/Gather I/O interface bypasses the CPU and host memory entirely, achieving 52.4 GB/s application-level read throughput on our 4×200 Gbps RDMA testbed. A session-level metadata abstraction and proactive readahead mechanism reduce GPU bubbles by overlapping remote KV fetches with prefill computation and scheduling slack. On a 4-node H800 cluster, Giganetes delivers 33% higher throughput (QPS 2.4 vs. 1.8) and 1.75× lower P95 TPOT than PD-disaggregation with sticky sessions, with the gain driven by scheduling flexibility rather than faster transport alone.