It is essential to review the outcome of nanomaterials on crop growth and development, as well as their underlying applications and risks in agriculture. The agricultural department need to seek a more efficient and sustainable production approach with the global population growth and increasing resource pressure. A number of results have demonstrated that nanomaterials have significant advantages in the enhancement of crop stress resistance, promoting growth and yields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The paper summarizes the impact of nanomaterials on seed germination, vegetative, and reproductive growth by analyzing existing research. It discusses how nanomaterials improve crop adaptability by regulating the antioxidant system, enhancing photosynthesis, and optimizing nutrient absorption. In addition, the review highlights the potential risks associated with nanomaterials in soil ecosystems, food chain transmission, and human health, including possible negative impacts on soil organisms, microbial communities, and food safety. Finally, this review emphasizes the need for the enhancement of long-term ecological security assessments and the development of intelligent delivery systems in future research, which can ensure the safe and efficient application of nano-agricultural technologies.

Several countries around the world are facing the issue of freshwater availability, where agriculture is highly dependent on irrigation, consuming 70% of this vital resource. Water availability is the most limiting factor for the crop production sector and one of the main regulators of the spatial distribution of plants. It is noted that in recent years, the methods of irrigation water application have been improved. Currently, research is directed towards irrigation strategies that reduce water applications. A partial root drying (PRD) technique involves irrigating one-half of the root zone while leaving the other half in relatively dry soil. This method is used in the production of various crops, such as potatoes and cotton. However, the mechanism of PRD, including the physiological and molecular biological processes involved, is not fully understood. In this study, tomato plants were treated with PRD and nitrogen (N) top-dressing. The results showed that PRD could significantly increase the fruit yield, photosynthetic activities, nitrate reductase activity, and fruit quality in the tomato plants, and PRD could also promote the concentrations of oxygen species (O₂⁻), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents, and activities of antioxidant enzymes. In addition, PRD could enhance stress resistance by increasing disease resistance and NP1 and DRED3 antioxidant enzyme activity. Tomato plants treated with PRD compared to the control showed high photosynthetic activity, high yield, better quality of production, and low leaf blight incidence. Overall, the results indicate that PRD is a feasible approach that could be effectively utilized in tomato fields to improve plant growth and production compared with the control.

Thaumatophyllum bipinnatifidum is a perennial evergreen herb belonging to the family Araceae and genus Thaumatophyllum. Its chloroplast genome has a total length of 169,027 bp, comprising a large single-copy region of 94,617 bp, a small single-copy region of 22,544 bp, and two inverted repeat regions of 25,933 bp. The chloroplast genome consists of 132 RNA components, including 87 protein-coding genes, 37 transfer RNAs, and eight ribosomal RNAs. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that T. bipinnatifidum clusters closely with Aglaonema and Zantedeschia. These findings provide valuable data for assessing the genetic diversity, species identification, and evolution of T. bipinnatifidum.