Mancozeb (MZ), an EBDC fungicide, has been found to contaminate agricultural products and cause male reproductive toxicity. The phytochemical compounds of white N. nucifera petal extract (WNPE) and its effects on metabolomic profiles and reproductive function in male rats poisoned with MZ were investigated. Seventy-two mature male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups (n = 8) and, for 30 days, were gavaged with WNPE at doses of 0.55, 1.10, and 2.20 mg/kg; were given distilled water; or were co-gavaged with MZ and WNPE. By evaluating the ¹H-NMR of WNPE, myricetin, apigenin, luteolin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, ascorbic acid, genistein, chlorogenic acid, naringenin, and ellagic acid were found, and the essential minerals were evaluated by AAS. The NMR spectra demonstrated that creatine, carnitine, ACh, and choline in WNPE were significantly higher than that in MZ. The gavaging of the rats with WNPE before poisoning them with MZ improved creatine, carnitine, acetylcholine, progressive sperm motility, sperm viability, and normal sperm morphology compared to rats who only received MZ. It was concluded that MZ had a toxicity effect on the male reproductive system via decreased metabolomic profiles, affecting sperm motility, sperm viability, and normal sperm morphology. Nevertheless, WNPE had plenty of bioactive compounds that could enhance creatine, carnitine, and acetylcholine, which are related to sperm quality in male rats. WNPE should be considered as an alternative dietary supplement that can protect against MZ toxicity and enhance sperm quality in the male rat reproductive system.

Paederia foetida Linn. (P. foetida) is a wild vegetable native to both temperate and tropical regions of Asia, including Thailand. Traditionally, its leaves are believed to offer various health benefits, including promoting longevity and enhancing sexual performance. The purpose of the present study is to examine the phytochemical constituents and antioxidant efficacy and determine the influence on bovine sperm quality of aqueous leaf extracts. The powder of leaves was extracted with distilled water at 80 °C and analyzed for phytochemicals using HPLC for antioxidant properties and effects on sperm. Sperm samples were divided into five groups and treated with extract concentrations of 0.1375, 0.275, 0.55, 1.10, and 2.20 mg/mL and compared with a control (Krebs solution). The extract contained phenolic compounds and flavonoids. It exhibited potent scavenging efficacy against DPPH and ABTS radicals and inhibited LPO but showed low reduction of Fe (III) to Fe (II) and low inhibition of AOPP formation. No significant changes in sperm quality were observed with 0.1375, 0.275, 0.55, and 1.10 mg/mL, while 2.20 mg/mL caused a significant increase in abnormal sperm. In conclusion, P. foetida leaf extract has antioxidant potential and at concentrations up to 1.10 mg/mL is not detrimental to sperm quality.

Male infertility is an increasing global health concern associated with declining population growth. Mancozeb (MZ) exposure may induce reproductive toxicity through endocrine disruption and oxidative stress, impairing spermatogenesis. This study evaluated the effects of White Bualuang extract (WBE) on sexual behavior, testicular histomorphometry, and spermatogenic parameters in rats exposed to MZ. Thirty mature male rats were randomly assigned to the following five groups (n = 6): Control, MZ 500 mg/kg, MZ + 0.55 mg/kg WBE, MZ + 1.10 mg/kg WBE, and MZ + 2.20 mg/kg WBE, for 30 days. Sexual behaviors, relative testis weight, antioxidant properties, and histomorphometry parameters were determined. MZ-exposed rats had significantly decreased courtship behavior, seminiferous tubule diameter, and a tendency toward decreased spermatogenic cell numbers, along with enlarged interstitial spaces. However, pretreatment with WBE, especially at a dose of 0.55 mg/kg, showed improvements in courtship behavior and several histomorphometry parameters and was associated with increased Sertoli cell efficiency and spermatogenic organization compared with the MZ group. WBE showed potential to reduce lipid peroxidation (LPO) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) in MZ-exposed rats, particularly, the 0.55 mg/kg dose improved courtship behavior and reproductive parameters, supporting further investigation of WBE as an antioxidant and potential functional supplement.