Tremendous efforts have been dedicated to facilitating heat dissipation into cold universe through radiative cooling. Nevertheless, its applications remain limited by overcooling in cold conditions and reduced effectiveness under nonclear skies. We present a robust metafilm inspired by the adaptive capabilities of horned lizards ( Phrynosoma ) to overcome these challenges. This design extends energy harvesting to rainy conditions while maintaining thermal regulation on clear days. The metafilm features a sandwich structure with fluorinated ethylene propylene/indium tin oxide outer layers for raindrop-induced electricity generation and thermochromic core layers for self-regulated heating and cooling. It achieves an optical contrast exceeding 63% in the visible spectrum, enabling sub-ambient cooling in hot conditions and above-ambient heating when cold. In addition, it demonstrates efficient droplet-induced electricity generation, delivering a high-voltage output of 208 volts with exceptional long-term stability. This multifunctional metafilm overcomes key limitations of traditional radiative coolers, offering a versatile approach for all-weather energy harvesting.

With the increasing demand for energy worldwide, researchers from different fields have been striving to improve the sustainability and proper utilization of energy resources. Passive radiative cooling, as a natural energy transport method, can achieve cooling without additional external energy input. This review provides a comprehensive examination of passive radiative cooling, including its fundamental theories and latest development. A particular emphasis is placed on the diverse range of fields where passive radiative cooling has been applied, notably including but not limited to construction and architecture. The current state of applications, potential challenges that may arise with wider adaption and promising research directions for each field are thoroughly discussed. This review emphasizes the extensive potential and practical viability of passive radiative cooling in diverse applications and identifies pressing challenges and future research directions aimed at scaling up real-world implementation.

The small flowrate and the diaphragm’s short life are two shortcomings of the diaphragm compressor. This paper presents a new generatrix of the cavity profile of a diaphragm compressor to increase cavity volume and decrease diaphragm's radial stress. To verify the design theory, the radial stresses on the oil side of the diaphragm in the cavities with the new and traditional generatrices were tested, and the experimental radial stresses agreed with the theoretical values. As the most important evaluation criteria of the cavity profile, the volumes of the cavities with different generatrices and the radial stress distribution of the diaphragm within were investigated under various design conditions. The results showed that the volume of the cavity with the new generatrix was about 6.5% larger than that with the traditional generatrix under the same design condition. Otherwise, with the same cavity volume and radius, the maximal radial stress of the diaphragm in the cavity with the new generatrix decreased by 10.3% stably, compared to that in the cavity with a traditional generatrix. Likewise, in the diaphragm’s centric region where the additional stress caused by the discharge holes occurred, the maximal radial stress of the diaphragm in the cavity with the new generatrix decreased about 11.5%.

Although dike-break and dam-break processes have similar unsteady and discontinuous hydrodynamic characteristics, there are significant differences. In gen

With the increasing demand for energy worldwide, researchers from different fields have been striving to improve the sustainability and proper utilization of energy resources. Passive radiative cooling, as a natural energy transport method, can achieve cooling without additional external energy input. This review provides a comprehensive examination of passive radiative cooling, including its fundamental theories and latest development. A particular emphasis is placed on the diverse range of fields where passive radiative cooling has been applied, notably including but not limited to construction and architecture. The current state of applications, potential challenges that may arise with wider adaption and promising research directions for each field are thoroughly discussed. This review underscores the universal applicability and feasibility of passive radiative cooling and contributes to its future development by identifying promising areas for further exploration.

Passive radiative cooling (PRC) technology enables efficient thermal management through high solar reflectance and thermal emission within the atmospheric infrared window. However, conventional radiative coolers predominantly exhibit white or silver appearances due to stringent solar reflectance requirements, thereby limiting their aesthetic appeal. Although colored radiative coolers incorporating conventional pigments have been reported, they invariably suffer from solar absorption that significantly compromises cooling performance. Recent advances have explored photoconversion materials to mitigate cooling power losses via photoluminescence, primarily employing semiconductor quantum dots, perovskites, and phosphorescent dyes. However, most of these materials present critical limitations including environmental toxicity, high cost, synthesis complexity, and poor photostability. Carbon dots (CDs) provide a viable alternative as a low‐cost, eco‐friendly photoluminescent material which can deliver tunable coloration through visible absorption while simultaneously recovering the cooling power. Herein, we demonstrate a CD‐based colored passive radiative cooler (CD‐CPRC) with a bilayer structure that consists of a highly reflective hierarchically porous PRC ceramic and a CD‐polymer composite, with two types of CDs enabling conversion of either ultraviolet or visible light, respectively. Our field tests demonstrate that both CD‐CPRCs attain lower temperatures than non‐emitting pigment‐based radiative coolers, with a maximum temperature reduction of 4.2°C during midday. These findings showcase the potential of the CD‐CPRC as an efficient, feasible, eco‐friendly, and scalable technology for advancing next‐generation thermal management skins in smart cities.