The essential oil of Cymbopogon winterianus (EOCW) is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antifibrotic properties. We studied the effect of EOCW in the progression of histological changes of pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in a rodent model. The oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Intratracheal instillation of bleomycin was performed in 30 rats to induce PF, while Sham animals were subjected to instillation of saline solution. The treatment was performed using daily oral administration of distilled water, EOCW at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, and deflazacort (DFC). After 28 days, hemogram and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), tissue levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) were assayed. Histological grading of PF, immunohistochemical expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) were also analyzed. The EOCW major compounds were found to be citronellal, geraniol, and citronellol. EOCW significantly reduced inflammation in BALF, reduced MDA levels, and increased SOD activity. EOCW attenuated histological grading of PF and reduced immunohistochemical expression of α-SMA and TGF-β in a dose-dependent way, likely due to the reduction of oxidative stress, inflammation, and TGF-β-induced myofibroblast differentiation.

The year 2020 will be remembered as the year in which the Covid 19 pandemic precipitated an unprecedented major disruption in the healthcare system, which led to a period of greater appreciation and expansion for Telemedicine. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Telemedicine is defined as the use of telecommunications and virtual technologies to provide health outside traditional health facilities (^{Dasgupta & Deb, 2008}; ^{Telles-Araujo et al., 2020}; ^{Tunc et al., 2021}).

Background: Actinic cheilitis (AC) is a potentially malignant oral disorder linked to lip squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Clinical diagnosis is hindered by lesion heterogeneity. While AI tools have shown promise in oral lesion detection and diagnosis, image segmentation remains underexplored. This study developed and externally validated a deep learning segmentation model for digital photographs of lip lesions. Methods: A total of 489 clinical photographs from one institution were used for training/internal testing, and 82 external images from two independent institutions (UFPB and UFMG) served as external validation. EffiSegNet‑B0 used Image Net‑pretrained EfficientNet‑B0 encoder, with stage features aggregated via Ghost Modules. Manual segmentation masks comprised the clinically affected lip region and were used as ground truth. Performance was assessed using accuracy, sensitivity (recall), precision, Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and intersection over union (IoU). Results: The model achieved high accuracy (> 95%) on both internal and external datasets. DSCs were 0.888 (95% CI: 0.871–0.904) for internal test and 0.875 (95% CI: 0.862–0.888) for external validation, while IoU values were 0.802 (95% CI: 0.777–0.828) and 0.782 (95% CI: 0.763–0.801), respectively. No performance decline was observed on external validation data. The model remained robust to lesion variations (ulceration, crusting, and keratinization). Conclusion: EffiSegNet‐B0 demonstrated high accuracy and adaptability in segmenting lip lesions, reinforcing its potential for clinical image analysis applications. The proposed model generalizes well across different institutions and lesion phenotypes, consistently extracting the complete region of interest. This proof‐of‐concept study supports its promise as a tool for automated lip lesion segmentation in heterogeneous clinical settings.

ObjetivosEste estudo teve como objetivo determinar as medidas radiográficas da fossa incisiva e estabelecer limiares práticos que distingam variações anatômicas normais de possíveis cistos do ducto nasopalatino. Uma avaliação morfométrica foi realizada utilizando crânios humanos secos, radiografias oclusais da maxila e tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico.MétodosSessenta e seis crânios humanos secos foram examinados por meio de medições diretas e radiografias oclusais. A tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico foi realizada quando a largura da fossa incisiva era de seis milímetros ou mais. Os valores de largura e comprimento obtidos pelas três técnicas foram comparados utilizando o teste de Tukey-Kramer, considerando um nível de significância de p < 0,05.ResultadosA largura e o comprimento médios da fossa incisiva foram de 5,18 milímetros e 8,22 milímetros em crânios secos, 5,05 milímetros e 9,23 milímetros em radiografias oclusais e 6,00 milímetros e 6,66 milímetros em tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Os valores de largura não diferiram significativamente entre crânios secos e radiografias, enquanto os valores de comprimento apresentaram diferenças significativas. Radiografias oclusais da maxila forneceram estimativas de largura confiáveis e devem ser utilizadas como método de imagem.ConclusõesÁreas radiotransparentes com seis milímetros ou menos representam variações anatômicas normais; áreas entre seis e dez milímetros requerem avaliação adicional; áreas maiores que dez milímetros sugerem cistos do ducto nasopalatino.

Objective: To report an uncommon case of oral chemical burn caused by occupational exposure to potassium hydroxide (KOH) managed with photobiomodulation (PBM). Case Report: A 50‐year‐old man experienced occupational exposure to KOH while working in a food factory. The accident occurred during maintenance of a pipeline that should have been empty; however, it was still carrying a 50% KOH solution. The patient presented with severe pain and impaired speech, nutrition, and hydration due to the extent of the lesions. Clinical examination revealed diffuse ulcerations affecting the lower labial semimucosa, upper and lower labial mucosa, and dorsal tongue. A clinical diagnosis of KOH‐induced chemical burn was established, and daily PBM therapy was initiated using red (660 nm) and infrared (850 nm) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) to provide pain control and promote mucosal repair. Rapid improvement of signs and symptoms was observed throughout treatment, with complete mucosal healing achieved after eight sessions of PBM. Conclusion: This report describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first documented case of oral burn caused by KOH in an occupational setting, highlighting the severity of alkali‐induced lesions and the therapeutic potential of PBM therapy.