BRI1 EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1) family members are crucial downstream regulators that positively mediate brassinosteroid signaling, playing vital roles in the regulation of plant stress responses and anther development in Arabidopsis. Importantly, the expression profiles of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) BES1 genes have not been analyzed comprehensively and systematically in response to abiotic stress or during anther development. In this study, we identified 23 BES1-like genes in common wheat, which were unevenly distributed on 17 out of 21 wheat chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the BES1 genes into four major clades; moreover, TaBES1-3A2, TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 belonged to the same clade as Arabidopsis BES1/BZR1 HOMOLOG3 (BEH3) and BEH4, which participate in anther development. The expression levels of 23 wheat BES1 genes were assessed using real-time quantitative PCR under various abiotic stress conditions (drought, salt, heat, and cold), and we found that most TaBES1-like genes were downregulated under abiotic stress, particularly during drought stress. We therefore used drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive wheat cultivars to explore TaBES1 expression patterns under drought stress. TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 expression was high in drought-tolerant cultivars but substantially repressed in drought-sensitive cultivars, while TaBES1-6D presented an opposite pattern. Among genes preferentially expressed in anthers, TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 expression was substantially downregulated in thermosensitive genic male-sterile wheat lines compared to common wheat cultivar under sterile conditions, while we detected no obvious differences under fertile conditions. This result suggests that TaBES1-3B2 and TaBES1-3D2 might not only play roles in regulating drought tolerance, but also participate in low temperature-induced male sterility.

小麦是全球重要的主粮作物之一，随着全球人口的不断增长，提高小麦产量以确保粮食安全已成为紧迫任务。杂种优势利用被认为是提升小麦单产的关键途径。近年来，基于光温敏雄性不育系的小麦二系杂交技术取得了显著进展，并成功推动了杂交小麦的产业化应用。本文综述了光温敏雄性不育（Photo-thermosensitive Genic Male Sterility, PTGMS）种质的发现、光温转化特征、遗传机制，以及其在不育系选育、恢复系创制、强优势杂交种创新、规模化制种技术和示范推广等方面的科研进展。此外，本文还提出了二系杂交小麦未来发展的科技创新与产业化建议，强调传统育种、生物技术、智能农机等多技术手段的融合将是推动小麦杂种优势成功应用的关键。未来，二系杂交小麦的产业化发展将继续依赖科技创新，以进一步提升小麦生产能力。

Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK/MPK) cascades play crucial roles in plant stress responses, but the roles of MPK cascades and their allelic variatio

Abiotic stresses increasingly threaten wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) productivity by impairing pollen development and fertilization, yet the molecular regulators that coordinate reproductive success with environmental resilience remain underexplored. Here, we present a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of the Pollen Olea europaea I (POEI) protein family in common wheat. A total of 104 TaPOEI genes were identified and classified into six phylogenetic clades, each sharing conserved exon–intron structures and key protein motifs. Promoter analysis revealed abundant cis-elements associated with phytohormone signaling and abiotic stress responses. Notably, TaPOEI 16-A was preferentially expressed in anthers, showing high expression during early anther development and responding to both high- and low-temperature stresses. Pairwise comparison between thermosensitive genic male-sterile wheat lines and fertile lines suggests a potential role for TaPOEI 16-A in regulating male fertility in response to temperature fluctuations. Our comprehensive analysis establishes a foundation for future functional studies of the TaPOEI family and provides insights into wheat fertility and stress resilience enhancement.