In this study, analysis of trace elements (Al, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb) of taxa, such as Alkanna trichophila Hub.-Mor. var. trichophila, Anchusa azurea Mill. var. azurea ( Boraginaceae ), Achillea biebersteinii Afan., Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Sprengel (Asteraceae), Ajuga vestita Boiss.(Endemic), Teucrium polium L. ( Lamiaceae ) by ICP-MS technique, collected in Çermik district of Turkey's Diyarbakır province and used for folk or medicinal purposes, was conducted quantitatively and qualitatively using the ICP-MS technique. As a result of the analysis, Sn, Hg, Pb elements in all six plant taxa could not be determined since they were below the lod value. It is essential for consumers that these three toxic elements are not specified in plant species. The highest concentration was determined in element Al (26.04-193.5 mg/kg). With this study, some metal characterisations and concentrations of medicinal plants were determined.

Working with honey in laboratory or applied settings presents practical challenges that extend beyond its well-known antimicrobial properties. Honey is viscous and sticky, tends to harden into crystals over time, and can make it tedious to apply the same amount repeatedly. These everyday issues have led researchers to seek powdered alternatives, though many published approaches involve heating steps or require so much carrier material that parts of honey’s natural properties may be altered unintentionally. In this study, a powdered honey (P.H.) mixture supported with water-insoluble microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was evaluated alongside liquid honey, ensuring that the actual amount of honey applied in each experiment was equivalent. Two commercially available honeys with different declared botanical origins (chestnut and polyfloral) were included to assess the applicability of the approach across market-available samples. Antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Salmonella typhimurium using both disc and well diffusion assays. Before testing, powdered samples were rehydrated so that each application delivered a quantity of honey equivalent to that present in 10 µL of the liquid form. The resulting inhibition zones were measured using calibrated digital image analysis. Under matched-dosing conditions, antimicrobial activity was preserved in both liquid and powdered honey, with inhibition patterns varying depending on the microorganism and experimental conditions. Overall, the findings suggest that this non-thermal, MCC-assisted powdering strategy can preserve antimicrobial performance while improving handling, storage, and dose reproducibility, and that inhibition outcomes may be shaped by physical form–dependent diffusion behavior under equivalent honey content.

İnsanlık tarihi boyunca birçok hastalık virüs kaynaklı olarak meydana gelmektedir. Araştırmacılar virüslere karşı aşı çalışması yapmakta ve koruyucu materyal olarak bu aşılar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Virüs, dinamiği gereği farklı tür konaklarda zaman zaman mutasyona uğramaları sonucu yeni varyantlar ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu varyantlar enfekte ettiği bireyin hazırlıksız olan bağışıklık sistemini atlatarak insan hayatını tehdit eder duruma gelebilmektedir. Neyse ki bu virüslere karşı, vücudumuzda kendini yenileyebilme özelliği olan ve kusursuz çalışan bir immün sistem vardır ki sadece bilinenle sınırlı kalmayan, yeni oluşan varyant virüsün genetik yapısına karşı da bağışıklık üretebilmektedir. Viral enfeksiyonlara karşı savunmada, antivirallerin sınırlı etkileri, aşı üretiminin enfekte olanlara sağlanmasının zaman alması, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirici uygulamaları ön plana çıkartmaktadır. Bu bağlamda bağışıklık sistemimiz, propolis gibi doğal, fonksiyonel ürünler ile desteklenir ve uyarılırsa virüslere karşı daha etkili bir savaş verebilecektir. Propolis, Dünyayı saran SARS CoV-2 salgınına karşı immün sistemde yaptığı modülasyonlarla, PAK-1 bloker etkisi, erken ve daha yüksek bağışıklığın uyarılması, antikor titrelerinin yükseltilmesi, bağışıklık koruma süresinin uzatılması gibi immünmodülatör etkilere sahip olması ile virüslerle mücadelede dikkat çekici bir ürün olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu noktadan hareketle bu derleme makalesinde bağışıklık sistemini harekete geçiren ve bağışıklık sisteminin çalışmasını kolaylaştıran bir arı ürünü olarak bilinen propolisin kullanımında koronavirüslere karşı etkilerinin neler olabileceğini tartıştık.

This study examined the effect of royal jelly on some hematological values against sodium arsenite (NaAsO2)-induced toxicity in rats. Royal jelly is a known functional bee product; therefore, its potential to protect against these effects is of great importance. In this study, the effects of royal jelly on hematologic changes were investigated. In the study, 35 healthy Wistar albino male rats weighing 250–300 g and 12–13 weeks old were used. Rats were divided into different groups by gavage daily for 14 days. WBC, LYM, MID, GRA, RBC, HGB, MCHC, MCH, MCV, HCT, PLT, MPV, and PDW values were measured in blood samples. When the measured values were analyzed, the MID, RBC, MCHC, MCH, MCV, and PDV values did not show statistical significance in all experimental groups (P>0.005). However, significant decreases in %LYM, %MID, HCT, and PLT values and increases in WBC, GRA, and %GRA counts were observed in all groups (P < 0.005). This review shows that royal jelly has a potential effect on the hematological and immune systems against toxicity caused by harmful heavy metals such as arsenic. In particular, further research is required to identify the most effective dosage of royal jelly. The results highlight the protective potential of royal jelly against toxicity, which requires further investigation.