Androgen deprivation therapy is the cornerstone of prostate cancer therapy. Recent studies have revealed an association between androgen deprivation therapy and cardiovascular adverse effects such as myocardial infarction and stroke. This review summarizes the available research on the cardiovascular risk of men using androgen deprivation therapy. We also discuss racial disparities surrounding both prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease, emphasizing the importance of biological/molecular and socioeconomic factors in assessing baseline risk in patients beginning androgen ablation. Based on the literature, we provide recommendations for monitoring patients who are at high risk for a cardiovascular adverse event while being treated on androgen deprivation therapy. This review aims to present the current research on androgen deprivation therapy and cardiovascular toxicity with an emphasis on racial disparities and provides a framework for clinicians to decrease the cardiovascular morbidity in men that are being treated with hormone therapy.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with limited therapeutic options, particularly in the metastatic setting. Adoptive cellular therapies (ACTs), including tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) therapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene-modified T-cell therapy, offer promising novel approaches for these refractory tumors. TIL-based therapy has demonstrated early efficacy in melanoma and myeloma, with ongoing trials exploring its role in sarcoma. CAR T-cell strategies targeting HER2, GD2, and B7-H3 antigens are in development, though challenges such as tumor microenvironment-mediated resistance and antigen escape remain significant. Engineered TCRs, particularly those targeting MAGE-A4 and NY-ESO-1, have shown promising clinical results in synovial sarcoma (SS) and myxoid/round cell liposarcoma (MRCLS), leading to the recent FDA approval of afamitresgene autoleucel (afami-cel) and letetresgene autoleucel (lete-cel). Despite encouraging preliminary data, ACT implementation faces barriers including limited antigen specificity, off-tumor toxicity, immune evasion, and manufacturing scalability. Future research will focus on optimizing lymphodepleting regimens, mitigating toxicity, enhancing in vivo persistence, and combining ACT with other therapeutic agents. As clinical trials expand, ACT holds the potential to revolutionize sarcoma treatment by offering durable, targeted therapies for previously refractory disease.

Primary penile diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an exceptionally rare extranodal presentation that can be challenging to diagnose due to its nonspecific symptoms. We report the case of an 84‐year‐old male who initially presented with phimosis who subsequently developed a nonhealing surgical wound and B symptoms. Imaging and biopsy ultimately revealed Stage IVB activated B‐cell type DLBCL. He was treated with dose‐reduced rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, prednisone, and polatuzumab vedotin (modified R‐mini‐CHOP). Despite his advanced disease, he achieved a partial metabolic response with negative minimal residual disease. We also summarize prior reported cases of penile DLBCL, highlighting patterns in disease presentation and treatment approaches. This case emphasizes the importance of maintaining a broad differential for penile lesions to avoid delays in diagnosis and treatment, and it illustrates the integration of novel agents such as polatuzumab vedotin for frail or elderly patients.

Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis (NBTE) is a noninflammatory endocarditis that occurs in hypercoagulable states. Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is an aggressive form of acute leukemia associated with significant coagulopathy. A 45-year-old woman with new pulmonary emboli and progressive heart failure developed pancytopenia, leading to diagnosis of APL and cardiogenic shock secondary to NBTE of the mitral valve. APL was treated with induction chemotherapy, alongside inotropic support for cardiogenic shock. After cancer remission, she underwent mitral valve replacement, resolving the cardiogenic shock. NBTE is a recognized complication of solid malignancy but is rarely associated with leukemia. Fewer than 5 cases have been reported in APL. This case highlights 2 critical complications of each disease process: cardiogenic shock and disseminated intravascular coagulation. APL and NBTE can present as oncologic and cardiac emergencies. Co-managing these conditions requires a multidisciplinary approach integrating specialized care in both cardiology and oncology.

Hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a rare B-cell malignancy traditionally treated with purine analogue-based regimens. Although BRAF inhibitors are established in relapsed or refractory disease, their role as first-line therapy remains incompletely defined. We conducted a multicenter retrospective study evaluating real-world treatment of adults with classic HCL. A total of 110 patients were included. First-line therapies were cladribine (64%), cladribine plus rituximab (11%), rituximab (9%), and vemurafenib-based regimens (9%). Overall, response rate to first-line therapy was 80% (complete response rate of 65%). Median overall survival was 24.4 years. Patients treated first-line with vemurafenib-based regimens achieved an overall response rate of 80%, similar to purine analogue-based therapy. Hospitalization rates were similar across treatment groups. Vemurafenib-based therapy and rituximab monotherapy were preferentially used in older patients with greater baseline anemia. This study provides early insight into BRAF inhibitor use in HCL, highlighting encouraging responses in a limited number of patients.