Obesity increases the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and other metabolic diseases. We intended to compare three different anthropometric indicators of obesity, in predicting the incidence of cardiovascular events in Chinese type 2 diabetes. Beijing Community Diabetes Study was a prospective multi-center study conducted in Beijing community health centers. Type 2 diabetes patients from fourteen community health centers were enrolled at baseline. The primary endpoint was cardiovascular events. The upper quartile of neck circumference (NC) was set as greater NC. A total of 3299 diabetes patients were enrolled. In which, 941 (28.52%) had cardiovascular disease at baseline. Logistic analysis showed that central obesity (waist circumference (WC) above 90 cm in men and 85 cm in women) and greater NC were all related to baseline cardiovascular disease (adjusted OR = 1.49, and 1.55). After 10-year follow-up, 340 (10.31%) had cardiovascular events. Compared with patients without cardiovascular events, those having cardiovascular events had higher BMI, larger WC and NC. Cox regression analysis showed that greater WC and NC were all associated with the occurrence of cardiovascular events (adjusted HR = 1.41, and 1.38). A higher NC and WC might increase the risk of cardiovascular events by about 40% in type 2 diabetes patients in Beijing communities.

Recently, the activation of chlorine dioxide (ClO₂) by metal(oxide) for soil remediation has gained notable attention. However, the related activation mechanisms are still not clear. Herein, the variation of iron species and ClO₂, the generated reactive oxygen species, and the toxicity of the degradation intermediates were explored and evaluated with nanoscale zero-valent iron (nFe⁰) being employed to activate ClO₂ for soil polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) removal. With an optimized ClO₂/nFe⁰ molar ratio of 15:1 and a soil/water ratio of 3:1, the degradation efficiency of phenanthrene improved 12% in comparison with that of a ClO₂-alone system. The presence of nFe⁰ significantly promoted ClO₂ consumption (improved 85.4%) but restrained ClO₂⁻ generation (reduced 22.5%). The surface Fe(II) and soluble Fe(II) in the ClO₂/nFe⁰ system was 2.0-fold and 2.8-fold that in the nFe⁰ system after 2 min. Electron paramagnetic resonance analysis, along with quenching experiments, revealed that Fe(IV), HOCl, and •OH dominated phenanthrene degradation in a ClO₂/nFe⁰ system, with oxidation contributions, respectively, of 34.3%, 52.8% and 12.9%. The degradation intermediates of PAHs in the ClO₂/nFe⁰ system had lower estimated toxicity than those of the ClO₂ system. The lettuces grown in ClO₂/nFe⁰-treated soil displayed better results in bioassay indexes than those grown in ClO₂-treated soil. This study offers new perspectives for the remediation of organic-pollutant-contaminated soil by using metal-activated ClO₂ technology.