Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping has been thoroughly used in peanut genetics and breeding in spite of the narrow genetic diversity and the segmental tetraploid nature of the cultivated species. QTL mapping is helpful for identifying the genomic regions that contribute to traits, for estimating the extent of variation and the genetic action (i.e., additive, dominant, or epistatic) underlying this variation, and for pinpointing genetic correlations between traits. The aim of this paper is to review the recently published studies on QTL mapping with a particular emphasis on mapping populations used as well as traits related to kernel quality. We found that several populations have been used for QTL mapping including interspecific populations developed from crosses between synthetic tetraploids and elite varieties. Those populations allowed the broadening of the genetic base of cultivated peanut and helped with the mapping of QTL and identifying beneficial wild alleles for economically important traits. Furthermore, only a few studies reported QTL related to kernel quality. The main quality traits for which QTL have been mapped include oil and protein content as well as fatty acid compositions. QTL for other agronomic traits have also been reported. Among the 1261 QTL reported in this review, and extracted from the most relevant studies on QTL mapping in peanut, 413 (~33%) were related to kernel quality showing the importance of quality in peanut genetics and breeding. Exploiting the QTL information could accelerate breeding to develop highly nutritious superior cultivars in the face of climate change.

Ethiopia is not self-sufficient to meet its increasing wheat demand from domestic production partly due to a lack of improved seeds. Efforts are undertaken to fill the gap through off-season production of wheat using supplemental irrigation and modern cultivars adapted to arid areas. This study was carried out to evaluate the genetic variability and adaptability of 15 Ethiopian bread wheat genotypes at different agroecologies in Wolaita and Dawuro zones, Ethiopia. The field experiment was conducted at three locations using a randomized complete block design with three replications during the 2019/2020 main cropping season. Analysis of variance based on 11 morphological agronomic traits and two major wheat diseases revealed that there were highly significant differences ( ) among the genotypes for all the traits studied at each location and combined over locations. The top three cultivars viz. Alidoro, Galema, and Honqolo exhibited higher average grain yield (GY) of 4.54 t/ha, 4.36 t/ha, and 4.0 t/ha, respectively, combined over locations. Eight of the traits (72.73%) exhibited moderate (30–60%) to high broad-sense heritability ( > 60%) values. High associated with high genetic advance as percent of mean was observed for the severity of both stem and yellow rust diseases combined over locations. GY was significantly related to aboveground biomass at all locations. This study depicted that cultivar Alidoro had wider adaptability for grain yield and resistance to wheat rusts.