Background: Numerous studies have suggested that lifestyle-related factors are associated with mortality, however limited evidence is available for the Chinese elder population. Methods: The data of this study was obtained from the Chinese Longitudinal Health Survey (CLHLS) during 2008 − 2018, lifestyle-related factors including body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, consumption of vegetables and fruits, physical activity and sleep duration were included as dependent variables in the analysis. A lifestyle risk score was created using six unhealthy behaviors: smoking, drinking, unhealthy weight, physical inactivity, not eat vegetables or fruits and short or prolonged sleep. The Kaplan–Meier curves were used to illustrate the cumulative effect of lifestyle factors on mortality and cox regression models were conducted to estimate the combined effects of lifestyle-related factors on total mortality. Results: The results illustrated that low BMI, smoking, no fruit eating, and no physical inactivity were risk factors for total mortality. KM curves showed significant cumulative effect of unhealthy lifestyle factors on mortality. Compared with participants without any unhealthy factors, the hazard ratio (HR) for participants with six unhealthy factors was 1.335 (1.015,1.757) for all-cause mortality. Conclusions: This study demonstrated poor adherence to a healthy lifestyle may increase all-cause mortality and specific combinations of lifestyle related factors have different effects on mortality among Chinese elderly population.

The composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI), reflecting total dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins, may indicate overall antioxidant capacity. This study examined its association with the risk of probable sarcopenia, defined by handgrip strength, in older adults. Participants aged over 60 from the UK Biobank (N = 22,921) and National Health and Nutrition Evaluation Surveys (NHANES) 2011–2014 (N = 2,641) cohorts were categorized into probable sarcopenia and non-probable sarcopenia groups. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the associations between CDAI (both continuous and quartile) and its components (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotene) with probable sarcopenia risk in cohorts, with sex subgroup and sensitivity analyses to validate results. The median (interquartile range) of CDAI was -0.39 (-1.88, 1.45) in the UK Biobank and -0.57 (-1.60, 0.84) in NHANES, respectively. A higher CDAI was significantly associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in both cohorts. Specifically, each one-unit increase in CDAI was associated with a 2% decrease in the odds of probable sarcopenia in the UK Biobank (OR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.97–0.998, p = 0.027) and a 13.5% decrease in NHANES (OR = 0.865, 95% CI = 0.75–0.997, p = 0.045), after full adjustment under the Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium (SDOC) criteria. In quartile analyses, the risk of probable sarcopenia tended to decrease across higher CDAI quartiles, although the dose–response trend was not strictly linear. In the UK Biobank, multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) across increasing CDAI quartiles were: Q1 (reference), Q2 = 0.87 (0.78–0.97), Q3 = 0.91 (0.81–1.01), and Q4 = 0.86 (0.77–0.96). In NHANES, the trend was more pronounced: Q1 (reference), Q2 = 0.47 (0.24–0.94), Q3 = 0.39 (0.19–0.82), and Q4 = 0.46 (0.22–0.95). Additionally, higher dietary intake of carotene, one of the key antioxidant components, was independently associated with a lower risk of probable sarcopenia in both cohorts. Subgroup analyses indicated an inverse association between CDAI and probable sarcopenia risk in females across both cohorts, whereas no significant association was observed in males. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these findings. Increased dietary intake of antioxidant vitamins may reduce the risk of probable sarcopenia in older adults, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies. Further research on underlying mechanisms and sex differences is warranted.

Background and purpose: This study aims to explore whether different types of oral conditions are associated with incident stroke risk. Methods and results: This cohort study included 476,868 individuals without outcome events at baseline, multivariable models were constructed using Cox proportional hazard regression to assess the association between different oral conditions and the incidence of stroke, ischemic stroke (IS) and myocardial infarction (MI). Our fully adjusted model showed that individuals with painful gums [HR _{painful gums} : 1.31 (1.06, 1.63)], loose teeth [HR _{loose teeth} : 1.45 (1.20, 1.77)] and dentures [HR _dentures : 1.23 (1.12, 1.36)] have increased risk for stroke incidence. Conclusions: Individuals with painful gums, loose teeth and dentures have increased risk for stroke, IS and MI incidence, this study helps to identify high-risk stroke participants.