The prevalence of sarcopenia and its clinical predictors and clinical impact vary among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs), in part because of different diagnostic criteria. This study aimed to assess the reported diagnosis criteria of sarcopenia and compare them in terms of prevalence, clinical predictors, and impact of sarcopenia. The Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for the full‐length reports published until 28 January 2022. The subgroup analysis, meta‐regression, and sensitivity analysis were performed and heterogeneity was assessed using the I². A total of 681 studies were retrieved, among which only 23 studies (including 2535 subjects, 59.7% men, mean age 49.8 years) were eventually included in the final analysis. The pooled prevalence in these included studies was 26% [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 20–34%, I² = 93.45%], including 22% (95% CI: 14–32%, I² = 88.76%) in men and 27% (95% CI: 14–41%, I² = 90.56%) in women (P = 0.554 between subgroups). The prevalence of sarcopenia diagnosed using low muscle mass was 34% (95% CI: 21–48%, I² = 95.28%), and the prevalence of using low muscle mass in combination with low muscle strength and/or low physical performance was 21% (95% CI: 15–28%, I² = 90.37%) (P = 0.08 between subgroups). In meta‐regression analyses, the mean age (regression coefficient: 1.001, 95% CI: 0.991–1.011) and percentage male (regression coefficient: 0.846, 95% CI: 0.367–1.950) could not predict the effect size. Lower body mass index (odds ratio (OR): 0.57, 95% CI: 0.39–0.84, I² = 61.5%), female sex (OR: 0.31, 95% CI: 0.16–0.61, I² = 0.0%), and higher age (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.05–1.10, I² = 10.1%) were significantly associated with a higher risk for sarcopenia in KTRs, but phase angle (OR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.16–4.26, I² = 84.5%) was not associated with sarcopenia in KTRs. Sarcopenia was not associated with rejections (risk ratio (RR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.23–1.92, I² = 12.1%), infections (RR: 1.03, 95% CI: 0.34–3.12, I² = 87.4%), delayed graft functions (RR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.46–1.43, I² = 0.0%), and death (RR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.32–2.82, I² = 0.0%) in KRTs. Sarcopenia was found to be very common in KRTs. However, we have not found that sarcopenia had a negative impact on clinical health after kidney transplantation. Large study cohorts and multicentre longitudinal studies in the future are urgently needed to explore the prevalence and prognosis of sarcopenia in kidney transplant patients.

Background: Sexual dysfunction (SD) in patients who suffer from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not attracted widespread attention, and thus research studies are scarce.Objective: This study aims to evaluate the rates of SD in IBD compared with healthy individuals and elucidate the associated factors.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the simplified version of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) were filled by IBD patients, as well as healthy control individuals.Results: A total of 208 IBD patients, including 133 with Crohn’s disease (CD) and 75 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 190 healthy individuals filled out the questionnaires. In women, SD rates were 61.9% in the patients with IBD vs. 24.4% in the healthy controls (p < 0.01). In men, the rates of erectile dysfunction (ED) were 43.5% in the patients with IBD vs. 12.5% in the healthy controls (p < 0.01). Anxiety (OR, 3.092; 95%CI: 1.033-9.252, p = 0.044) and active perianal disease (OR, 4.481; 95%CI: 1.055-19.029, p = 0.042) were independent risk factors for SD in female IBD patients. age (OR, 1.050; 95%CI: 1.007-1.095, p = 0.022), depression (OR, 5.763; 95%CI: 1.864-17.821, p = 0.002) and active perianal disease (OR, 7.117; 95%CI: 1.747-28.983, p = 0.006) were independent risk factors for ED in male patients.Conclusions: In the IBD patients, 62% of women reported having SD, and 44% of men reported having ED. These higher rates, as compared to the healthy controls, are mostly driven by active perianal disease and psychological factors.

Pooled data from 2352 hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients with viral RNA in feces across 46 studies were analyzed and the pooled prevalence of fecal RNA was 46.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.383–0.554). The pooled analysis showed that the occurrence of total gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms was 28.5% (95% CI: 0.125–0.44) in COVID‐19 patients with fecal RNA, that of both respiratory and GI symptoms was 21.9% (95% CI: 0.09–0.346), that of only GI symptoms was 19.8% (95% CI: 0.107–0.288), and that of only respiratory symptoms was 50.5%（95% CI: 0.267–0.744). The pooled data showed no significant difference in positive fecal RNA between severe and nonsevere cases (odds ratio = 2.009, p = 0.079, 95% CI: 0.922–4.378). During hospital admission, after samples from the respiratory system tested negative for viral RNA, 55.4% (95% CI: 0.418–0.669) of the patients with positive fecal RNA had persistent shedding of fecal RNA and pooled results from the other 4 studies including 848 discharged patients with nucleic acid‐negative stool samples indicated that the occurrence of repositive stool swabs was 18.1% (95% CI: 0.028–0.335), that of repositive respiratory swabs was 22.8% (95% CI: 0.003–0.452), that of both repositive stool and respiratory swabs was 19.1% (95% CI: 0.019–0.363), and that of only repositive stool swabs was 9.6% (95% CI: 0.010–0.203). The digestive tract may be an important organ involved in COVID‐19 infection and in the excretion of the virus. Because of the potential risk of fecal–oral transmission, giving emphasis on stool swab tests can help increase the detection rate of asymptomatic carriers and reduce missed diagnoses.