Network security situational awareness is based on the extraction and analysis of big data, and by understanding these data to evaluate the current network security status and predict future development trends, provide feedback to decision-makers to make corresponding countermeasures, and achieve security protection for the network environment. This article focuses on artificial intelligence, summarizes the related definitions and classic models of network security situational awareness, and provides an overview of artificial intelligence. Starting from the method of machine learning, it specifically introduces the research status of neural-network-based network security situational awareness and summarizes the research work in recent years. Finally, the future development trends of network security situational awareness are summarized, and its prospects.