The railway fastener, as a crucial component of railway tracks, directly influences the safety and stability of a railway system. However, in practical operation, fasteners are often in low-light conditions, such as at nighttime or within tunnels, posing significant challenges to defect detection equipment and limiting its effectiveness in real-world scenarios. To address this issue, this study proposes an unsupervised low-light image enhancement algorithm, CES-GAN, which achieves the model’s generalization and adaptability under different environmental conditions. The CES-GAN network architecture adopts a U-Net model with five layers of downsampling and upsampling structures as the generator, incorporating both global and local discriminators to help the generator to preserve image details and textures during the reconstruction process, thus enhancing the realism and intricacy of the enhanced images. The combination of the feature-consistency loss, contrastive learning loss, and illumination loss functions in the generator structure, along with the discriminator loss function in the discriminator structure, collectively promotes the clarity, realism, and illumination consistency of the images, thereby improving the quality and usability of low-light images. Through the CES-GAN algorithm, this study provides reliable visual support for railway construction sites and ensures the stable operation and accurate operation of fastener identification equipment in complex environments.

The purpose of this work is to provide support for the design of cushioning packaging materials for products with unbalanced mass distributions. A mathematical model of the cushioning packaging system is established and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method is used to compare the vibration response of products with balanced and unbalanced mass. Finite element simulations are conducted to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method of optimizing the design of cushioning packaging materials for products with unbalanced mass distributions using various damping materials. The simulation results are verified by experiments. The results show that the magnitude of the mass offset has a large effect on the acceleration of damped cushioning packaging systems for products with unbalanced mass. The vibration response can be corrected by appropriately increasing the damping coefficient at the mass offset end, thus providing an effective method of optimizing the design of cushioning packaging for products with unbalanced mass.