Lung carcinoma is the most common cancer in men and second in women (preceded by breast cancer) worldwide. Around 1 in 10 of all cancers diagnosed in men, lung cancer contributed to a total fraction of 20% cancer deaths. Naringenin (NAR) is well known for its chemopreventive properties since ancient times but lacks an appropriate delivery carrier. The objective of present study was to expand the functionality of naringenin loaded poly caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles in terms of release, chemoprevention and therapeutics. Polymeric nanoparticles such as PCL lack target specificity; hence, surface modification was attempted using layer by layer technique (LBL) to achieve improved and desired delivery as well as target specificity. The designing of Hyaluronic acid (HA) decorated PCL nanoparticles were prepared by utilizing self-assembling LBL technique, where a polycationic layer of a polymer was used as a linker for modification between two polyanionic layers. Additionally, an attempt has been made to strengthen the therapeutic efficacy of PCL nanocarriers by active targeting and overcoming the extracellular matrix associated barriers of tumors using HA targeting cluster determinant 44 receptor (CD44). Cell cytotoxicity study on A549 cells and J774 macrophage cells depicted enhanced anticancer effect of NAR-HA@CH-PCL-NP with safe profile on macrophages. Uptake study on A549 cells advocated enhanced drug uptake by cancer cells. Cell cycle arrest analysis (A549 cell lines) demonstrated the superior cytotoxic effect and active targeting of NAR-HA@CH-PCL-NP. Further chemopreventive treatment with NAR-HA@CH-PCL-NP was found effective in tumor growth inhibitory effect against urethane-induced lung cancer in rat. In conclusion, developed formulation possesses a promising potential as a therapeutic and chemopreventive agent against urethane-induced lung carcinoma in albino wistar rats.

The Transdermal Drug Delivery System (TDDS) offers several benefits, such as enhanced patient adherence, controlled release, reduced gastric irritation, and the bypassing of the first-pass metabolism. However, not all drugs can be delivered through this route in effective doses. Biodegradable microneedles (BMn) are designed to improve TDDS. This review outlines various types of BMn and their fabrication methods. BMn are produced in different forms, including hollow, solid, dissolve, and hydrogel-forming versions, which have garnered significant attention. These innovative BMn do not contain drugs themselves but instead absorb interstitial fluid to create continuous channels between the dermal microcirculation and a drug-containing patch. Several types of BMn have been tested and approved by regulatory bodies. The use of BMn technology is rapidly growing in point-of-care applications, attracting significant interest from both researchers and healthcare providers. BMn-based Point-of-care (POC) devices have high efficacy for finding various analytes of clinical interests and transdermal drug administration in a minimally invasive manner owing to BMn’ micro-size sharp tips and ease of use. Porous BMn technology may have a very rising future in the case of a vaccine delivery system.

Diabetes mellitus had emerged as a metabolic menace which leads to the development of dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, coronary artery diseases, obesity and hypertension. These are critical hallmarks for severe metabolic disorders owing to lack of proper balance between the energy intake and energy consumed. Previously, various potent biomarkers were investigated for their remarked potential against diabetes as well as hyperlipidemia. With this contextual, we synthesized different phytomolecular hybrids from the known potent biomarkers lupeol, β-sitosterol, ursolic acid, gallic acid and cinnamic acid by esterification with dicyclohexyl-carbodiimide as a coupling reagent and 4-dimethylaminopyridine as a catalyst. The compounds were purified using column chromatography and identified by mass spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy (¹H and ¹³C).Through in vitro screening by α-amylase assay and antioxidant assay, PMH1, PMH2 and PMH4 were found as effective phytomolecular hybrid compounds that displayed potential anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic as well as anti-oxidant properties. Amongst them, PMH4 prevailed in inhibiting the adipocyte differentiation. Our findings showed significant antidiabetic (STZ model in rats), antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant outcomes by PMH4. Synthesized phytomolecular hybrids with known potent biomarkers can be an effective strategy to design new interventions with effective bioactivity to elicit prominent in vivo performance.