Accurate labeling of lung nodules in computed tomography (CT) images is crucial in early lung cancer diagnosis and before nodule resection surgery. However, the irregular shape of lung nodules in CT images and the complex lung environment make it much more challenging to segment lung nodules accurately. On this basis, we propose an improved V-Net segmentation method based on pixel threshold separation and attention mechanism for lung nodules. This method first offers a data augment strategy to solve the problem of insufficient samples in 3D medical datasets. In addition, we integrate the feature extraction module based on pixel threshold separation into the model to enhance the feature extraction ability under different thresholds on the one hand. On the other hand, the model introduces channel and spatial attention modules to make the model pay more attention to important semantic information and improve its generalization ability and accuracy. Experiments show that the Dice similarity coefficients of the improved model on the public datasets LUNA16 and LNDb are 94.9% and 81.1% respectively, and the sensitivities reach 92.7% and 76.9% respectively. which is superior to most existing UNet architecture models and comparable to the manual level segmentation results by medical technologists.

Computer-aided diagnosis techniques based on deep learning in skin cancer classification have disadvantages such as unbalanced datasets, redundant information in the extracted features and ignored interactions of partial features among different convolutional layers. In order to overcome these disadvantages, we propose a skin cancer classification model named EFFNet, which is based on feature fusion and random forests. Firstly, the model preprocesses the HAM10000 dataset to make each category of training set images balanced by image enhancement technology. Then, the pre-training weights of the EfficientNetV2 model on the ImageNet dataset are fine-tuned on the HAM10000 skin cancer dataset. After that, an improved hierarchical bilinear pooling is introduced to capture the interactions of some features between the layers and enhance the expressive ability of features. Finally, the fused features are passed into the random forests for classification prediction. The experimental results show that the accuracy, recall, precision and F1-score of the model reach 94.96%, 93.74%, 93.16% and 93.24% respectively. Compared with other models, the accuracy rate is improved to some extent and the highest accuracy rate can be increased by about 10%.

Non-small cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common types of lung cancer, accounting for approximately 80% to 85% of lung cancer cases, and survival prediction in this cancer is an essential medical task. Traditional survival prediction methods, which only rely on demographic and clinical variables, fail to fully characterize patients’ pathological characteristics and clinical factors, thus limiting the prediction effect. With the development of medical imaging technology and genomic methods, survival prediction studies have ushered in new analytical perspectives in recent years. However, most of the existing advanced techniques only rely on one class and few classes of medical data, which do not comprehensively characterize patients’ pathological features and clinical conditions, and similarly limit the predictive effect. To this end, in this paper a new method is proposed to solve this problem, that is, using flexible interpretable graph structure to fuse and model the multimodal data (including clinical data and CT images, etc.) of patients, so as to solve the problem of fragmentation and one-sidedness among multi-class data of survival prediction. A new multi-modal fusion graph convolutional network (FGCN) is proposed according to the characteristics of multi-modal graph data. The main body of the network structure is composed of a SAGE graph convolution layer with the self-attention mechanism, which accelerates the convergence of the model compared to the traditional one and ensures that the risk predicted by the model is as close to the actual situation as possible. More importantly, this study is the first to introduce the TopKPooling strategy in this model to address the problems of feature redundancy and excessive noise features arising from multimodal data fusion and to reduce the model complexity. A large number of ablation and comparison experiments and analyses on public non-small cell lung cancer datasets show that the method proposed in this paper achieves better prediction results, with a C-index value of 0.76, which exceeds the currently known advanced techniques, and fully proves the effectiveness and superiority of the method in this paper.

Although Software-Defined Networking (SDN) introduces architectural innovations, it retains fundamental network properties. As a result, Low-rate Denial of Service (LDoS) attacks, which exploit bottleneck links and TCP congestion control mechanisms, still pose a serious threat to SDN. Currently, to accurately detect LDoS attacks at lower average attack rates, many methods focus on extracting and analyzing single-dimensional features. However, these methods are often complex and offer only limited improvements in detection accuracy. Moreover, critical security vulnerabilities in mainstream mitigation strategies highlight their inability to ensure long-term stability. To this end, we propose BDTM, a cross-dimensional bidirectional detection and traceability mitigation scheme. Through attack parameter estimation with a precision of 0.1s, BDTM achieves precise detection of LDoS attacks that incorporate IP spoofing. In terms of mitigation, we have identified, verified, and resolved critical vulnerabilities in existing mainstream mitigation strategies for the first time. Upon detecting an attack, BDTM rapidly mitigates the ongoing anomaly while performing reverse-flow tracing to pinpoint the attacking host. Ultimately, BDTM enforces port-level isolation targeting the attacker rather than the attack flows, ensuring more effective and comprehensive mitigation. Experimental results demonstrate that BDTM achieves a high detection accuracy of 98.85%, with an average response time of just 5.67s when performing attack traceability.

The prediction of drug properties plays a vital role in drug research. However, the drug property prediction accuracy of traditional methods is limited due to their inability to fully capture molecular structure and function information. As a result, the use of graph neural networks has attracted significant attention as an effective drug property prediction approach. Nevertheless, traditional graph neural networks still exhibit certain drawbacks in this regard, including their disregard of the interaction information between nodes and edges, the loss of local information during global pooling operations, and the absence of feature fusion mechanisms. This study proposes an enhanced graph neural network (GNN) model that incorporates an attention mechanism, multiscale pooling, an adaptive weight generator, and an activation function to predict drug properties. A comparative analysis with the conventional graph neural network model reveals significant improvements in terms of predicting the side effects of drugs on the heart and liver, with increases of 1%, 7%, and 13%. Furthermore, the enhanced graph neural network model exhibits good performance across the remaining two datasets. Empirical findings underscore the efficacy of the model in drug property prediction tasks, and it is characterized by enhanced predictive precision and robust performance outcomes.