The two-electron oxygen reduction reaction in acid is highly attractive to produce H₂O₂, a commodity chemical vital in various industry and household scenarios, which is still hindered by the sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, both density function theory calculation and in-situ characterization demonstrate that in dual-atom CoIn catalyst, O-affinitive In atom triggers the favorable and stable adsorption of hydroxyl, which effectively optimizes the adsorption of OOH on neighboring Co. As a result, the oxygen reduction on Co atoms shifts to two-electron pathway for efficient H₂O₂ production in acid. The H₂O₂ partial current density reaches 1.92 mA cm⁻² at 0.65 V in the rotating ring-disk electrode test, while the H₂O₂ production rate is as high as 9.68 mol g⁻¹ h⁻¹ in the three-phase flow cell. Additionally, the CoIn-N-C presents excellent stability during the long-term operation, verifying the practicability of the CoIn-N-C catalyst. This work provides inspiring insights into the rational design of active catalysts for H₂O₂ production and other catalytic systems.

High-entropy catalysts featuring exceptional properties are, in no doubt, playing an increasingly significant role in aprotic lithium-oxygen batteries. Despite extensive effort devoted to tracing the origin of their unparalleled performance, the relationships between multiple active sites and reaction intermediates are still obscure. Here, enlightened by theoretical screening, we tailor a high-entropy perovskite fluoride (KCoMnNiMgZnF₃-HEC) with various active sites to overcome the limitations of conventional catalysts in redox process. The entropy effect modulates the d-band center and d orbital occupancy of active centers, which optimizes the d–p hybridization between catalytic sites and key intermediates, enabling a moderate adsorption of LiO₂ and thus reinforcing the reaction kinetics. As a result, the Li–O₂ battery with KCoMnNiMgZnF₃-HEC catalyst delivers a minimal discharge/charge polarization and long-term cycle stability, preceding majority of traditional catalysts reported. These encouraging results provide inspiring insights into the electron manipulation and d orbital structure optimization for advanced electrocatalyst.

A NaNO₂-catalyzed strategy is proposed for cathode pre-lithiation with Li₂C₂O₄.

Accurate early detection of internal short circuits (ISCs) is indispensable for safe and reliable application of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs). However, the major challenge is finding a reliable standard to judge whether the battery suffers from ISCs. In this work, a deep learning approach with multi-head attention and a multi-scale hierarchical learning mechanism based on encoder-decoder architecture is developed to accurately forecast voltage and power series. By using the predicted voltage without ISCs as the standard and detecting the consistency of the collected and predicted voltage series, we develop a method to detect ISCs quickly and accurately. In this way, we achieve an average percentage accuracy of 86% on the dataset, including different batteries and the equivalent ISC resistance from 1,000 Ω to 10 Ω, indicating successful application of the ISC detection method.

Copper-based catalysts are the premier choice for electrochemical reduction of CO₂ (CO₂RR) into hydrocarbons or oxygenates. However, the facilely structural reconstruction of copper sites during electrolysis poses significant challenges to the long-life electrolytic efficiency. Herein, we leverage the strong σ-π dative bonding between Cu^δ+ and alkyne-based ligands to stabilize copper sites for the prolonged CO₂RR. We demonstrate the feasibility of taming the electronic structures of copper sites through the tug of war between σ and π backbonding interactions. The optimal copper organic polymer with methoxy group functionalization (OMe-PhCu) exhibits a moderate charge density of copper sites and an intensified local asymmetric charge distribution of coordinative carbon, enhancing the selectivity of methane with a Faradaic efficiency of 68.8% and a partial current density of 324.5 mA cm⁻² in acidic electrolyte. In situ spectra and density functional theory calculations reveal enhanced *CO adsorption and lowered energy barrier for CO₂RR into methane over OMe-PhCu. Building upon such stable Cu^δ+ sites, we further construct Cu^δ+/Cu⁰ catalytic interfaces for the generally enhanced electrosynthesis of multi-carbons and ammonias. This synthetic chemistry paves the pathway for the design of stable catalytic active sites for renewable conversions.

The cation with a delocalized π bond establishes a robust interfacial electric field through π–π interactions in IHL and forms an anion-mediated bridging network in OHL. The unique synergistic tuning enables pouch cells to achieve 6000 cycles at 8C.